648 



<1UTUARIES, FOKF.i'.V 



Stonghton. John, an Kn^lis). ),>' .m. U.rn in 

 Norwich. 

 1897. He was educated as a - 



profession, but decided to become nChn-tian minis- 



nal denomination. cir 

 jji- nt the HP- of 



: letinu hi- -indie* became associate pas- 

 tor of t he ( 'onirregational Church at Winds, , r . 

 Tears latei 

 ton, where he remained until he r.-tire<l in 



an advanced age to till the chair 

 New College, which he had 

 lie received the degree of D D. 

 from Kdmburirh l*niver>ity in I*!'*. Dr. Stoughton 

 was much inti-ivtrd in the work of the missi. 

 and Hiblo aocietie* and in the Youm; Men's Chris- 

 HAM Ax-fiat ion and the I from 



their was one of the founders of the 



Congregational I'nion. the object of which u 



.te co-operation ai Congregational 



churches without destroying their individual inde- 

 He was identified with . mcnt 



'larmonious fWlmi: ami action be- 

 tween Churchmen and nonconformists, and was a 

 close friend of iVan Stanley and others of the 

 evangelically inclined clergy. Dr. > made 



.oljj; study of the Purit.T _'llsh 



history, lie first published "Th li.al 



History of F.nirland from the opening of the Long 

 Parliament to the Death of Oliver Cromwell " (1867), 

 treated th- ..dm- period in "TheChurch 



of the Restoration." and followed this up with vol- 

 umes on the reigns of Queen Anne ami the first 

 three Georges, and concluded the series with " Re- 

 ligion in England from 1800 to \^'<\." 



\\l\c-tcr. .lames Joseph Knglish mathe- 



>rn in London. Sept.:!. ISM : died March 

 15, 1897. He was educated at St. John's College. 

 Cambridge, where, however, he could not take his 

 degree on account of being a Jew. He was for 

 some time Professor of Natural Philosophy in 

 University College, London, and subsequently 

 Of of Mathematics at the University of Vir- 

 ginia. He held hair at the Royal Mili- 

 tary College. Norwich, 1855-71, and at Johns Hop- 

 kins University, Baltimore, 1873-'83. In December. 

 1888, he became Professor of Geometry at Oxford. 

 and he held that chair ten years. He was a mathe- 

 ian of extraordinary gifts, which could be 

 best appreciated only bv specialists, and was a 

 member of many learned societies m Ku rope and 

 America, having been a fellow of the Royal 

 Society for nearly fifty years. He founded the 

 - American Journal of Mathematics/' of which he 

 was the first editor, ami published many scientific 

 papers, and was the discoverer of a much discussed 

 theory of reciprocanto. II]- only works in book 

 form are " Xupe Mathematics * (London. 1866) 

 and M Laws of Verse, or Principles of Versification 

 exemplified in Metrical Translations'* (1ft 



Terk. Mary Adelaide \\iih.-lmina l.li/abcth. 

 Duchess of, an Knglish princess, born in I! 

 ver. Nov. 27. 1888; died in Richmond. O, 

 1807. She was the second daughter of Adolphus 

 Frederick, seventh son of George III, and was a 

 first cousin of the Queen of 1 ,d on the 



side of her mother, a daughter of the Landpra- 

 Hesse, was first cousin aUo of the Queen of hen- 

 mark. Her childhood was spent bet ween London 

 and the castle of BumpenheinL After her fat : 

 death in 1850 she lived with her mother at i 

 On June 12, 1866. she married Count Francis Paul 

 of Hoheastein, the only son of Duk. 

 derof Wurtemberg and the Countess II 

 Her husband, years youn^ r than 



she. retired from the Au-trian army, in which lie 

 had won distinction in the Italian campaign of 



1859, and th. 



j four children were horn. ll<- h:i<: 



.v !> tin- Kin- of \ViirteinlM-rLT. 



Princess \ tlu-ir eldest child, l.orn 



Mav 26, 1867, was marrieil in ls.i:; to I'm 



-land. Duke of York, the heir to the li 



isly been engap-d to the Duke of 

 Clan- 1 MM Adolphus. the M-cond child, liorn 



!. [$94 : 

 : 



The < ildrcn. Prince l-'ranejv .lox,.|,|i 



and PniK ." and I s . I. 



they lived at White Lmlp- in Richmond 



. of Which the (jllleeii uavr them the Use. The 



Duchess ,,f Teck was exceedingly philanthropic. 

 MIII: i charity a fifth of the annual allo\\ 

 'XHi u -i\en her l.\ Parliam.-nt. 

 I hcmptamlcr (Kkar IJol.rrt. 11 Swedish states- 

 i'orn in lsj: : ilini in Stockholm. .1;, 

 He was appointed Mini-t<T of l-'in.-n 

 8, 1881, and on Ma\ ii. issj. became Min- 



and remained at the head of the 

 nment till I-Vliriiary. isss, when hi- inii 

 resigned after a victory at the polls of the Protec- 

 tion i-t Agrarian j.arty! 



hdain. Henri l.oiii- .a l-'r.-nch politician. l>orn 

 in Paris in lvjs : ,1,,.,! ,| 1( .,-,.. .M..N i. L897, He was 

 a journeyman < -arver. and iti 1861 was one of I he 

 ;:i delegates smt to the London exhiliilion. 

 He wa-oni- of the founders of the International in 

 1SIM. attended all th- M of that l.o.ly. and 



in l*;s xiiiTrred iiiij.ri>oniuent for taking part in 



lilierations. When, however, t he ( 'ollecl ivi-t 



theori-s of Karl Marx were adopted | 

 gramme, he seceded and formed the !'. .l.'rai ion 

 Ouvrieiv. He was a candidate for the Corps I>egis- 

 latif in ISfJJ, and in February. 1S71, he was elected 

 from Paris to the National AssemMy. Attempting 

 to mediate between the Gh>vernmenl and the 

 inune. he was arrested by the hitter. In 1H?" he 

 l"(ai: i. Ilr was a vigorous opponent of 



the monarchist and Roiilan^ist nioveni-nt-. In 

 1888 he represented France, with .Jules Simon and 

 Hurdeaii. at the labor conference in Berlin called 

 by the young Kaiser Wilhdm. 



Tunner, Peter von, an Austrian metallu- 

 born in 1808; died June 18, 1897. He was the 

 founderand the first professor in 1840of the s-hool 

 of Mines in Leoben, Styri 



medal from the Iron aiid Steel Institute of , 

 Britain, in rcco-rnition of his important disco\ 

 connected with the metallurgy of steel. He 

 many valuable treatises on the processes in the manu- 

 facture of iron and steel. 



Twlss. Sir Tra\cr- _-!i-h jurist, born in 



London. .March lit. jsoii; died there. .Ian. !.". 

 He entere.l I'n - ! !e -,-.( \ f. ,r< 1. at the age 



. duatcd with honors in mathe- 

 matics ani DM a fellow of his college 

 and a tutor and public examiner -iiccc ively in 

 classics and mathcma' i- -. Haviti^r adopted Nj.-h 

 buhr's views on early l.'oman hi-tory. he pudli-hcd 

 in 1887 an epitome of the historian s work, which 

 he followed up with an edition of Livy with Latin 



he was elected Drumm'ond PP 

 or of I'olii :iiy. and at the end of his term 



he published "A View 'of the Process of political 



Kcoiioiny iii Kurope since the Sixteenth Century" 



'In 1SJO he published an essay on the ' 

 L'on boundary r,uestion. which then threatened to 

 lead to a rupture between Kngland and the United 

 This wa the first of a lonj: series O f pro- 

 duct ion- on <|uest jons of international law that es- 

 :.ed hi- reputation as a high authority on the 

 subject. He published in 1H48 a treatise on the 

 relations of the Duchies of Scl. i H.|.-tein 



to the Danish Crown and the < -deration. 



