668 



PNILIPPIM. [SLANDS, 



with the national culling wea|on called 

 which ix h.nvi.-rthaii I In- mm h--te. and the 

 foiniii tluit they could not always keep 

 them away even with re|eatiiii; nfl -s. Tin- sudden 

 accession -f a largv uiianlity of IU.H!. -rn arms ami 

 Hiiunuiiitinii sudd.-nlv altered tin- MI nation. The 

 reMlion now reached" alarming proportions, scaroe- 

 ly inferior in its extent ait<l in tin- earnestness ami 

 military proweM of it> a.lli.-n IK- to the Cuban war. 



A- tbeWfcoil |N,|,iilatioi, of the is|,,mis wax hostile 



I leaders hail an unlimited supply 



of in. narksmanshipand mobility were su- 



i.- S|iaiiiardtt. WluMj tin- Spanish tl 

 met tin- rvU-ls n. 'W in any numbers they suffered 

 far higher proportion of casualties from bullet 

 wound* ami a -till greater |ercciitage of deaths. 

 <in .Ian. 1 uii|Mirtant engagement, which 



had f<>r it object the routing ami destruction of 

 the reU'l force in that province, was f.-u-ht at Caca- 

 nn. a village -it uatcd in the center of Ilulacaii. < MI 

 Jan. 11 an order was i**ucd by the Governor General 

 aut h"n/ing the format ion of volunteer corps ar 

 tin- loyal inhabitants who wewanxkxtt to shed their 

 blood for their country and a i<t by their per-onal 

 service in the restoration of order.' Another proc- 

 lamation of the same date offered a free pardon to 

 those of the in-unreiit parly who had not taken part 



rt hostilities mid a remission of the death pen- 

 alty to insurgents who surrendered with their arm-. 

 or gave information ax to stores of arms. etc. This 



remained in force till .Ian. '*:!. and a large 

 number of IMTMHIS availed themselves of it. 



The Spaniards failed in their plan of surrounding 

 the rebels, who numbered 4,<MM>. led by the former 

 schoolmaster Knsebro, who had taken the title of 



DimaUiga, but Gen. Rios won the battle, kill- 

 ing 1,100, and captured the strong intrenehments 

 with a loss of 25 killed and 69 wounded. The main 

 body of the rebels, their organized, drilled, and sea- 

 soned army, which had inflicted a terrible blow on 

 the royal "troo| let a in November. 



was slat ioned in the province of Cavite in wcll-for- 

 titied posts. The rebels made desperate efforts to 

 establish communications between Cavite and the 

 northern provinces, especially liuliican. through the 

 province of Manila: Capt.-Gen. I'olivicja, on the 

 other hand, took extraordinary measure- to prevent. 

 the separate bodies from joining forces, and there- 

 fore concentrated the main strength of the Spanish 

 army in Uulucan ami the northern part of Manila, 

 Kmiiio Aguinaldo. the generalissimo of the rebel 

 .meed into Manila with about 8,000 with 

 the object of carrying the rebellion into sections 

 that had not yet risen and of effecting a junction 

 with Gen. Dimaluga. if possible. A force of 

 insurgents was surprised and routed at Airoiiy and 

 Almansas. Before the middle of .January t he Span- 

 iards had chared Manila province of the bands that 

 : the capital itself when the troops were 

 withdrawn to the north. uinaldo retired 



into Cavite again, and when a body of 6.000 rebels 

 tried to cross the isthmus of Novdeta it was re- 



1 with heavy loss. Gen. I'olivieja made prep- 

 aration- for an attack on the rebel |H*ition- in < V 

 Gen. Polivieia'l plan was to advance on the 

 towns held by the insurgents. l M ,th from the north 

 and from th. south, in such manner that the two 

 forces would join in the main attack and cutoff re- 

 treat in either direction, while the fleet operated 

 along the northern .-oa>t. When the Spanish troops 

 advanced from the north into Cavite they encoun- 

 tered a stout rex, Mai, .. T h e losses ran" into the 

 hundred* and the engagements wen that 



was in marked contrast to the guerrilla skirrn 

 in Cuba. The first intrenchm -aken after 



heavy fighting in which 4<0 iu-ur^-nts were killed 

 and the troops lost 26 killed and 60 wounded. 



iinbre in 1 euj-icd Santo Domingo. 



and a 11 >ilaiii; \N it h four Krupp bait 



The rebels intrenched on tin- banks of the river '/.;i- 

 irixen out with M-S with the ai.i 



of gunboa' Barraquer attacked the impoi- 



tant fortified poxiiioii of Pamplona, held b\ 



I'I-IM-IS. \\ I,,. i thelllsehes with gl'i-al coin- 



age, \'- k attacks at the end of 



more ami lighting 



ob-iinati-ly until lhe\ \\en- finally driv.-n out at the 

 point of 1 1. )0, w lnle t lir Spanish 



jit killed 'imlcd. <i n. .1 



rillo. after taking the fortified posts of Ilimyiii. 



.:nl Tram|iiero. continued his march t \\ an I the 

 Siingay mountains, but \\a- opj...sed at CM ry stage 



i'clslM'hind intrenehments that it had' taken 

 many t hoiisan<ls of men months to build. ", 

 which were defended until nearly every mai. 

 killed. On !' i Lachambre captured the 



town of I'civy. dox Marinas after eight hours of hard 

 tiirhting. with a loss of 90 men. while the 



nonnously. They numbered aboi.- 



whom only l.."(M'l had lin-annx. and <-<,nld not pos- 

 sibly hold the town against the Spanish foi 

 9,000 men and artillery. A part of them barricaded 

 themselves in the convent after tin- Spaniard- en- 

 tered the town, and continued the battle until the 

 walls were battered down by artillery. The rebels 

 left 400 dead, but carried away a great many killed 

 and wounded: the Spanish loss was 140 nidi, in- 

 cluding 11 oilicers. (M-II. Lachambre's column then 

 united with the forces directly commanded b\ 

 Polivieja to attack the town of Imus. the head- 

 quarters of the insMt 'aiixporiaii<ni in this 

 rugged country w a- -.. difliculi that the troops were 

 often short of ratioofl, 



The caralineers, who are all Indians, conspired 

 with the bargemen employed in the river trallic 

 and a large part of the population in the suburbs 

 pf Fondo. Hinondo. 'fn./o. and Santa Cru/ b 

 in the night while the troops were absent lighting 

 the reU'ls in Cavite and Hulacan, set lire to tin- 

 city in all directions, kill as many Spaniards as 

 they could, and, if possible, get inside the walls of 

 Manila and capture the citadel. Hefore the plot 

 was fully matured some of the carabineer-, on l-Vh. 

 26, threatened to denounce the plot to the author- 

 it ies. and their comrades, seeing that they 

 about to be betrayed, fin-d on their dcnoiincers. 

 ami. joined by some of the bargemen, rushed upon 

 the barracks." killed the Spanish oflic.-r-. 

 session of a large quantity of firearms and ammuni- 

 tion, and escaped into the suburb of Fondo, calling 

 on their brother conspirators to join them. Onlv a 

 few hundreds had the courage to respond to thi- 

 premature summons and show themselves as rebels 

 in broad daylight. The rebels, seeing them 



(1 by their party, made for the open country. 

 firing on the few Kur>peatis who were in the streets 

 and killing two oflicer-. The civic guards and vol- 

 unteer- pursued them, but they would have es- 

 caped without loss had not a detachment of troops 

 encountered tin-in on the road and attacked them 

 vigorously, killing 2 16 and taking !* prisoners, all 

 of whom were shot by sentence of a court-mart ial. 

 After this the rebels' appeared frequently in the 

 vicinity of Manila, and. though often defeated, they 



returned boldly to attack the Spanish, on March -J 

 the t roo | is under Lieut. -Col. .liminex. in dispersing 

 one band killed 2<Ml. There were larirc number- of 

 rein-Is hidden in the city, but a search <>f all the 



brought to light no incriminating docu- 

 inent-; or concealed -tores of arms. Meanwhile Hie 

 campaign in Cavite came to a standstill. The 

 Spanish forces wen- not strong enough to p; 



the capital and irnard lines of communication and 

 at the same time carry on offensive operations. 



