Rol MANIA. 



i;i 8S1A. 



mania came up during the ministry .f M. Ai.- 

 In 187b i 

 abet 

 intt .1 



precluding foreigner*, without di-tim ti.-u of rcli- 



fruin u--juir!!i^ projHTty rights in mil estate 



. iiinuniii. It w;i> not Mip|HW*xl At that time 



that foreigners already owning M' ;v '" 



It they did to tt,,-. i 



UUO lei. could not bequeath the same to their < hil- 

 drcn r.itmno. ihni Premier. assured the 



lUlia MI-HI in a diplomatic not*' I hut such 



wastiotth. f the law. However, when the 



e construed later b\ tin- Roumanian 



: i hi- opinion that f.-i 

 en could inh.-nt land in I. many held that 



..iil.l di-pox- of it bv salt- and keep the pr- 

 oeeos, and s-mc considered that tlu>y w i 

 entit xaliif of the property thus inherited, 



and that it ought simply to U> appropriated by the 



:.atiiinalitirs all 



by tin- law a>M-,ted the full right to possess inher- 



ited pro|H-rty. ba>ing it mi tin i note, which 



kl a condition of tin- subset|ucnt rec- 



ognition of Roumanian Independence by Italy ami 



powers. The Aurelian Cabinet. wi>hi: 

 establish the principle that foreign heirs, while not 

 entitled to hold real estate, were entitled to tin- full 

 value of their inheritance?., introduced a bill into 



-lionld sell 

 them within three 



It was proposed to the foreign rcpr- that 



the new agricultural bank should purchase >udi 

 property for the U-jielit of the pea-ant ry. The 

 diplomatic rv presentatives at Bucharest in a n iden- 

 tical memorandum rejected this MI--, -t ion, and 

 consequently the bill was abandoned. A project 

 to allow foreign heirs to take possession of property 

 was drawn up in .March and siib-e.jticnt ly can 



urd/a wa> con- 



sidering this question the Court of Cassation L' 



final interpretation of the existing law in two deci- 



sions awarding to foreign heirs the value of tin- 



property inherited, but denying their right to hold 



theprojM-r Koiunania and Tur- 



key was said to have been signed .Inly 1'J by which 



Roiimania, in return for advantages already con- 



oeded, l*>und herself to support Turkey in 1 he event 



of the military aggression of Bulgaria. A dilliculty 



arose betw -,ian and t he (in-.-k gov- 



en.ments because stringent measures were adopted 



by tli. pr. \, -nt id.- return of (n-crk volun- 



teers to Ron mania. When Kim; (and visited Buda- 



Pesth to return the visit .f th- Kmperor Kran/.l-.-cf 



I iimaiiiaii Irri-i^ .-.mi/ed a demon-tra- 



is a protest against the idea that the vindica- 



tion of Roumanian claims to Transylvania had been 



abandoned. Speeches made while* in ..pp.-ition by 



.i liiiiiM-lf against the dual mon- 



archy and in behalf of i he oppressed Roumanians 



<ingary were placarded by agents of the 



'Pl-w.it ion on the walls of Buchan-i. The 



r was once at the head of the 

 against the triple H. i in lehalf of unn-- 



d Bovunania, an-l w hen he took office in Octo- 

 b.-r. 1W5, be was obi Jve a reassuring ex- 



planation. A j.-int note addressed to th, Balkan 

 states by Count Goluchowski and Count Muravieff, 

 praisii . i uttitnde during the Greco- 



Turkish war. was an official promulgation of the 

 new A --ian accord in the Hart em <\\\> 



and the entente existing U-t . l? ,i a an l 



a- Hungary received fresh confirmation by 

 the royal meet ing at Buda-Pcsth in September and 

 the visit of King Can-l '.-ters- 



burg in Noveml>er. M. Sturl/Ji d>-<-larofl that Ron- 

 mania had become a factor in the action of the 



great powers and had a. -.mired an influential po- 



im by the llitcivhaii-c of visits 



with ' -\mpalhy 



the triple alliance, which guaranteed uni- 



versa. lu-h alli- 



. whi<-h pursued the >anie object ; that |b< 

 nt one of the Ball . .unl li.-nl no part in 



their fermentations, but >he a->Mc<| the pow.rs in 

 their peace ami upheld t he un- 



Laading at which Qermany, 



Hun. '1 for thi- maintenance of tlu- 



xiutnx uint in tin- Balkan- ami ol tin- iinl. | i. 

 of th.- Balk 



The (iovernnieiit int rodn<vd in the autumn two 

 bills that savored strongly of anti->emiti>m. 

 conii' of them :h. JeWI WOW only to be 



allowed to en: 

 schools OH com lit ion that iheiv\\a- them 



.til the lioiimanian applicant- had obi 

 admission. This practically amounted to {In- 

 clusion. The second bill eXeinpteil .lr\vs from Illili- 



< . calling upon them to \ 



lax in-;. -ail. >: -iied \\ith thi>. 



but the yotin^cr generation, hoping through mili- 



blain naturali/alioi,. hold 



public meetings against the (iovennm m \>\->\ 



to which tin- ()|ipo>ition al-o objected asbeii,. 

 fair to the lion ma man- them>e|\e-. \\hoali me would 

 be called upon to discharge military dutie-. At 

 some of these meetings an aii^'fy tone |>revailed. 

 One of them was broken up by Koiimanian si udentx, 

 who were in no way nst rained by the | . 



; apers that u-ually reflect "tl. f the 



nment condemne.l not the rioier-. bir 

 A ho had exasperated the Roumanian-. The 

 mob of Buchar- - i -d up by the contn>\ 



and on Deo. 5 A eriOQS liol oeeurred. The authori- 

 ties had taken no pnCDOUons, although inilamma- 

 tory placards had been printed, and when riotou- 



-ions pa ed through the 9! 



windows the detachments of gendarmes that fol- 

 lowed, ostensibly to ] ier. remained cut i re- 

 ly passive. The mob attacked .b-wi-h -hop- with 

 iron bar- and -ticks and pillaged more than a |../.eii. 

 .Many per- '.ouiid-d. In t he course of t he 

 nigfaj KMi -re made. 1 )i-t urbaiices took 

 pla<-e -imultaneou-ly in s-v-ral place- in Moldavia, 

 and in Galatx. more 'than HK >|,op. were s a ,-ked and 

 the y iraj <lama^<-d. 



IM S^IA, an empire in northern Knrop,- 

 Asia. The throne is hereditary in th 

 primogeniture in the dyna-ty of RoinanofT-IIol- 

 stein-(iottorp. The (Jovernm'ent i- an ab-olute 

 m<.nar<-hy in which the le^i-lativc. judicial, and 

 united in the Kmperor. The 



Kmperor. otherwise called the c/ar. i- a--i-t'd by a 

 Caliinet of mini-t.r-. eaeh of whom has cha: 

 an executive department: by a Council of - 

 that examines and passes upon f law sub- 



mitted by the ministers; by a that 



watches over tip idmini-i ration and super- 



intends the judiciary ; and by a Holy S\ nod that 

 directs rel id of 



the natioi ;i Church, which follows the 



Orthodox ' iu.lic rite and maintaiii 



relations of a sifter Church with the Patrian 



:i-taiitinople. Jerusalem, Antioch. ami Al- 

 dria. Tin- roipninj: i f All the Ru-- 



Nicholas II, born May 18, 1868, who succeeded hi- 

 r III. OD NOT, 1. l^'l. The Coin- 

 ;iinin.L r "f 1SU7 was 



up H* follow-: Minister of the Imperial 

 and Appanage-, (ien. Count .1. .1. \"ororit/olT- 

 Da-hkofT: Min; 



Mini-ter of Marine. Vice-Admiral p. p. TvrtoiT; 

 Mini-ter of the Interior..!. L. (ion-m ykin : Minister 

 of Public Instruction, Count . I. I). Delianoff; Min- 



