7.-. I 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



SWITZERLAND. 



6,355 sailing vessels, of 1.283,913 tons, and 915 



romincrce. -The f,.ivign trn.li- .-f N.-r\\i\ wa- 

 . 1896 as shown in the following table, 

 giving the values in kro 





n .: ..... 



; ..;.' 

 6IV.OOO 

 .994,OOI> 

 8,846.000 

 1.110.000 

 907.000 



I1J8&000 

 LBBMOO 



> u; ..... 

 17.H8S.OOO 



UM.OOO 



rjmjm 



10.4H8.000 



mCm 



8,654.000 



TVo* i. 



rjiMOO 



147,771,000 



The imports of cereals were 85.700,000 kroner in 



value, and exports 400,000; imports of fermented 



liquors 6,200,000 and exports 800,(MM kroner; im- 



lonial product- jr..-J(K.(HK) and export* 



I. IINHNIO kroner: import- <>f fruits and vegetables 



"0 and exports 100.000 kroner; imports of tons. 'II Council in 1H97 was composed 



animals and provisions 10,500,000 and exports 44,- of tto following members : President and Chief of 

 900,000 kr-.ner: total imports of alimentary prod- 

 ucts 88,WO.(H)0 nnd exerts 4.100,000 kroner. The 

 import* of coal were 13.500,000 kroner: imports of 



for the Storthing occurred in tin- beginning of n,-- 

 toU-r nnd rc-ulted in large gai"> for the Left, ren- 

 dering more acute the conflict with Sweden 



diplomatic repfeMnta&oa and foreign affair-. The 

 ministers, however, did not n-sign. Tin- Norwegian 

 delegation in tin- Council ..f Mali- had serious dif- 

 ferences with tin- S\\edi-h member- in tin- autumn. 

 The treaty of coin mm,- and navigation between tin- 

 two kingdom- expired in tin- sumiurr. 



M>|| /I IM . \MI. a federal republic in central 

 Kurope. Tin- I . -mbl\ i-comi>o-ed f tin- 



National ('..iincil. containing 11? member- fleeted 

 fr tt bl lli' din-ct vote ,,f the natii.n.and 



tin- .stat^ Council, containing 11 member-. l\\<> for 

 ca h canton, elected for one. t \vo. or t hree year 

 popular vol.- in -..me cantons, and in other- l.\ ih'e 

 ..itivt- authorities. These tWO bod j,-s eleei the 

 .d Council. comjM.M-d of 7 inrmlcr>, which i- 

 theexcc in i\e aut horit y of t he ( 'on fed. 



. Hi/en twenty-. '.ne years of age i an elector 



and if eligible to an j .f tneec ii..ili.-. .\n\ a<-t ..f 



.itimi may In- \e|,,ed or any amendment to tin- 

 Constitution carried by popular vote when a peti- 

 tion demaiidin.LT the referendum i- presented b] 

 000 citizens or when the demand is made by H 



metals 8.500.000 and exports 1.300.000 kroner ; im- 

 ports of hides and skins 7. 700.000 and exports 7,100,- 

 000 kroner; im|orts of textile materials 7,000,000 

 and e\|M,rts 300,000 kroner: imports of timl>< r 

 5,900.000 and exports 34,000,000 kroner; imports of 

 minerals 5.400.000 and exports 4.200,000 kroner; 

 total imports of raw materials 48.000,000 kroner 

 and exports 47.700.000 kroner. The imports of 

 metal manufactures were 11.600,000 and exerts 

 8.500,000 kroner; imjmrts of woven goods 35,900,- 

 000 and exports 6,400.000 kroner : imports of paper 

 and paper proil <KK) and exports 7.500,000 



kroner; imports of leather goods 2,200,000 and 

 exports 300.000 kroner: imports of wood manu- 

 factures 4.300,000 and exerts 20,000,000 kroner; 

 total imports of manufactured artidi-s 56;iOO,000 

 and exjx.rts :::.7(MMKK) kroner. The imports of 

 drug* and colors were 1.100.000 and exports 100,000 

 kroner: imports of oils 12,100.000 and exports 

 8.400.000 kroner: imports of miscellaneous mer- 

 chandise 34.100.000 and exports 7,700,000 kroner. 



Com mil n i cat ion H. The railroads in operation 

 in 1896 had a length of 1,202 miles. The length of 

 the state telegraph lines was 5,2:52 mile-, with r,'.- 

 994 miles of wire; that of the telegraph lines be- 

 longing to railroad companies was 1,070 miles, with 

 1.960 miles of wire. There were 1,229,008 internal, 

 668,703 international, and 17..~3(l service dispatches 

 sent in 1I6; the receipts were 1,503,589 kroner. 

 and expenses 1,540.1 n kroner. The ioMal traffic 

 in 1896 comprised 28.345,800 internal tetters, in- 

 njr 1,965.700 money letters containing 283,- 

 100.000 kroner. 10.2S5.000 foreign letter*, including 

 85,700 money letters, containing -J1.70JI.000 kroner, 

 and 89348.000 internal an-: 

 printed indosnres; the receipts were 8,826,272 

 kroi. vpenses 8.701. 721 kroner. 



Political Affair*. The Storthing on June 16, 

 1897, unanimously V..IH an add row to the King re- 

 q nesting him to negotiate treaties with foreign 

 powers for the establishment of a permanently or- 

 ganized court of arbitration to deal with anyoon- 

 that might occur l*>tween them and Norwav, 

 which from its geographical position was so little 

 exprwed t that there appeared to be no 



difficulty in arranging such treaties. The triennial 

 election of delegates to choose the representatives 



the Department of Kon-ign AlTair>. Dr. A. Deuehei. 

 of Thurgau : Vice-l'iv-ident and Chief of the I >. 

 partment of the Interior. M. KulTy, of Yaud ; Mili- 

 tary . \lTair-. I'.. .Miilh-r. of Hern : .lust ice and I'olice, 

 Dr. K. I'.i-eiiner. of Basel: Commerce. Induct ry. and 

 Agriculture. A. Lacln-nal. of (Jem-va : Kinain'-i . \\ . 

 Hau-er. of Xurich ; Posts and Kailroad-. Dr. .1. 

 Xemp. of Lu/ern. (Mi De-. i:>. isi7. M. KulTy was 



elected I'roidelit of t he Coll federal Jon fortli 



suing year, and K. Mi'dler was elected \ M e 1 

 dent. 



Area and Population. Tin- area of Swit /eriand 



i- l.V.iTii -'(iiare milo. with a po|.ulati<m estimated 

 in 1894 at 2,986.848. The number of marriages in 

 Is'Mi wa> 28.784J .f l.irtl^.iM.s:;:, : ,,f deal l.s :,!.- 

 379; excess of birth-. :{-J.i:U. The number (.f 

 grants over the sea in IS'.M; -'.of whom 



emigrated to North America and }!! to South 

 America. The city of Xurich had l."ii.ji1 inhabit- 

 ants in Julv, 1897"; Basel had 89,6^7. and (.. n. \a 

 had 86,535. 



Finances. The revenue of the Federal Govern- 

 ment in 1896 was K MIM-. ..f which 



009 francs were derived from real property. 1 

 Oi:{ franc- from invented capital. .">:{.:{..><; francs from 

 the general administration, ::.".:;:::> franc- from the 



Political Depart m.-ni. '' I 1.<'.-M francs fromtli. 

 partmenNof the Interior ami of .lu-li-e and Police. 

 .'11 francs from the Military Department. K',.- 

 )i;r,. :,:;.", franc- from the Department of Finance and 

 COStOI m tin- Department of In- 



dustry and Agriculture. 88 nine- from the 



post office, telegraphs, telephones, and railroad*, and 

 :1.112 francs from various sources. The total ex- 

 penditures were 71>.559,658 francs, of which I. 

 W7 francs were for interest and amortisation of the 

 debt. franc- for general administration. 



J'.i francs forth.- Political Department. !>!!. 

 4:{7 francs for the interior. :!7 \.\t\] tnaet f.-r ju*- 

 tice and police. 19 franc- for the Military 



Depart me; '0 francs for finance and cus- 



toms, o.'J7-").l-Vi franc- for industry and agriculture. 

 J.\17:{.!7'J franc- for the postal service. 7.147,484 

 francs for telegraphs and telephones, 377,978 francs 

 for railroads, and .Vi.:;r,! francs for unfon--een ex- 

 penses. The indebtedness of the Confederation on 

 Jan. 1, 1897. amounted to 80,870,74 francs and the 

 assets to 175,401. 492 franc-. 



< oinnierce. The special commerce of Swit/cr- 

 land with different countries in the year 1896 was 



