I:ICA. 



in. nt detached the Benin and lower ~ Mn.-- 



fn.m the territory of the N 



1889 the African Association, limit.-.!. w itl. a n..mi- 

 mal capital of 2,000.tm The ,-a|..tl of the char- 



vi. ooo.ooo, 



all s . which it 1 iM in- 



ely. The rhairiiiaii i- Sir GeOfft TsADsMII 

 (Joldie. "The t. within th.- sphere .f the 



inv'.s influence arc in part pa;;an HnusasUt 

 that have held Iheir own again-t the Mohammedan 

 M fr.-ni the north ami in part states that 

 have yielded to tin- religion* ami military domina- 

 f the Mohammedan roi,,, u.-r..r>. I he Fulah-. 

 who now rule over them a* a military caste. 'I he 

 Niger Company him concluded more than 400 trea- 

 ties. MS with 'separate pagan tribes, and the rest 

 with the cr.-at.-r and iMHNHohammedan chi< 



Throughout the latter part of 1800 many English 

 officer* entered the Niger OomjMny's > 

 jrv|rations were made for a forward movement. 

 the first one against th.- Mohammedans of the ' 

 regions, whom the British had end. av.. r . .1 t win 

 b? alliance* and ooncesM :itra-t with the 



Frenchpolicy of subjugation. < n .Ian. a <-..lunin 



\-nold marrhed out of Lofcojft tOWttd 

 Kabbau, while an armed flotilla of the compam'- 

 steamers proceeded up the middle Niger toward 

 Rggau, The movement was directed against the 

 forces of the Kmir of XUJH-. Thi< emir, who- 



v stretches westward of Lokoja, along the 

 northern bank of the middle Niger to the Boussa 

 rapids had for five years pursued a defiant attitude 

 towanl tli npaiiy. while the rulers of Si- 



koto. Oando. and Borgu, to whom he and the other 

 Mohammedan chiefs were regarded as tributary by 

 the Kuglish. and who had entered into tr 

 placing their foreign relations in the romj. 

 hands and binding themselves to recognize no white 

 power ex - I'.ritain. had assisted the com- 



pany bv using their influence to restrain the emirs 

 fr.m -ia\- .md hostile action against the 



British. Th- < -ompany had endeavored to preserve 

 the |ieace with Nup.-. overlooking acts of aggression 

 and granting a subsidy of ix'.ooo a year to the ruler, 

 a larger one than was paid to the Emirs of Adamawa, 

 Bakundi. Bautsni, and Zaria. NUJH- itself was 

 tributary to the Sultan of Gando, to whom the 

 emir was obliged to furnish thousands of -laves 

 every year. After the accession of a new emir. Abu 

 Bokan. in 1895, it was found imjH.ible to avoid 

 for a long time a conflict with him and his organ- 

 ized army. II. attempted to form u league with 

 th.- Kmir* of Boussa and Ilorin. with the object of 

 driving the Christians out of the country. Xupe, 

 whow territory Inirders on the pagan states south 

 of the Niger, whieh the emir DM claimed a- his 

 vassfi : , the riKMt troublesome opponent of 



Mger Company, which had taken these pagan 

 states under it protection and disputed the ri-ht 

 of the -mir to .lemand slaves and produce as 

 tribute. The inhabitants of NUJM- an- -uperior in 

 wealth and civili/at ion to most of the Mohamine- 

 dan (--..pie* of the western S.udan. excelling as 

 M iron, brass, leather, and 

 1W8. his gpfi.-ral.t he tnakum. crossed 

 the river Kabba. in defiance .f tr.-aty engage- 

 ments, with a ' : .01IO infantry and 

 cavalry, and formed a permanent camp, striking 



r amnng the surrounding population. The 

 emir joined him bit. r with Other f.n s. 1, ringing 

 the total number, including noncombatants, up to 

 50.000. The British colutnn. TiH-tin- ,,f about 

 800 Hausa troops, trained, drilled, an<l ! 

 picked European officers, with -. . N[:\im -un- and 

 two 7-pounclers, accompanie<l 'i'aub- 



man Goldie. made a rapid march of 200 miles to 

 Inborn, where the vessels ha': ;.|.lies 



of military stores. The r: T..ngly held by 



the comi'Jiny's flotilla. The enemy di>|>er>ed and 



iiirin^ column, which eroded 



the n -in ..u Jan. -Jl. dra^LT'-d the guns 



through swamp, and attained the h:-h ROUOd 

 B :a. the stronghold and' cai-ital of 

 Nupe. The Hnlish had indu.-, d the makum to 

 betray his master by promising iiim -ion. 



lighting began oi: The coin 



which had left detachment-* for garri-oii puij 

 along the line of march, ami wa- n.w n-duee.l to 



n. had to cm Ms \\a\ I 



.me and better arm-, maehine gun- and re- 

 peating rifles, against bows and arrows, tin 

 inum* of natives e^tima ><KX) to H<> 



The Fulah< n-ly chiefly on their cavalry, again-t 



' - tin- ipany's tro.,ps \\,.n- usually able 



to protect themselves by fencing in their position 



with barbed wire rapidly strung irom reels mounted 



<>ii \\he.-l-. There was a moment in the assault 

 on Bida when the Kngli-h force, surrounded on all 

 side- by the cneinx's . c ,,f anni- 



hilation. The Hausa troup-. with great steadin.--* 

 and courage, maintained their square unliroken at 

 this critical juncture, and executed a ntn-al in 



g 1 order. When the heavy art illery arrived the 



assault was renewed, and on .Ian. '.' T t he I'.rit i-h en- 

 tered the town and received the submiion of the 

 enemy. The Kmir of Nupe wa- dep,,-.ed. and the 

 Makum Mohammed was placed on the throne, who 

 on Feb. ." signed a treaty acknowledging Brit i-h 

 protection in both southern and northern Nupe. 

 agreeing to abandon slave-raiding, und transferring 

 to the direct rule of the company the dep.-i. 

 territories on the -outh side of the river. A part of 

 the expedition marched immediately for Ilorin. in 

 the rear of Lagos, where a battle was fought and 

 won outside of the walls of the city, and the emir 

 made his submis-ioii on 1-Vb. is. "| M Ilorin. a- in 

 Nupe, the Fulahs are the ruling ca-te, but I he 

 people are Vorubas. not Ilaii-as. Their capita 

 de-troycd by the British shells, and in the fight in-. 

 which lasted two days, they lost 'J(M) of their h 

 men. The Emirs of Lafiagi and other neighboring 

 states accepted the company's rule without a con- 

 test. An expedition of 200 men, with artiller). 

 marched against the I'atanis who w.-r.- 

 smuggling arms, and these made their siibmis-ion 

 without fighting. The Fulah -t n.ngholds along t he 

 river .\'_ r ' r \\> r>- reduced by the flotilla, and new- 

 native rulers, amenable to the company's control. 

 were placed over the populations. Thl- authority 

 of the company having been vindicated and if- 

 rule extended over a vast territory in which it pre- 

 viously exerci-ed only trading right-, the (iovernor 

 on March <i iiie.l a decree aboli-hing from .lune 

 Hi. 1^!T. the |, -gal -talus of -lavery t hroughoiit tin- 

 territories under the direct admini-t rat ion of t he 

 company, embracing the country of the p. 

 tribes south of the Niger and a strip thr.-e mile- 

 wide along the northeast bank, ever which the 

 ganagas or river chiefs formerly held dominion. 

 In the autumn the company'- for..-- under Major 

 Arnold subjugated I garni, extending from the bor- 

 i he mouth of the Denue, complet- 

 ing the conqnesl of all the countries south of the 



111 the undi-puted Fngli-h -pi 

 The OOmplaintS Of Liverpool merchant* regard- 

 ing the trade monopoly of the Niger Company and 

 the territorial disputes with France, which had be- 

 come so acute as to threaten a disturbance of inter- 

 national relation- and to demand the a-siimption 

 of all re-pon-ibility and control by the Imperial 

 nment. forced upon the imperial authorities 



the nee, --ity "f placing the territories of the Royal 

 Company under their direct control. N 



rdingly begun with the governor 



- 



