818 





h Government asked and received a pledge 

 the Bril: iiient. n plcd-e tlmt the 



'l troops would not be empl"\ed farther 

 h than 9 of latitude. A 1 edition .-f 



4Hi MI. -it under Lieut. Hivtoiinet *! out fn-s 

 hmnry ami rad>ed the Niper. and thru demoded 

 the river from 111--, and occupied nml parrisoned 

 I'HIIIMA and several oilier position-. 

 Bouwa b a pagan kingdom on tin- west bank of tin- 

 thai lies buck of Upw. I** miles N, the east 

 IIMOII of the fn.nii.rof Dahomey, The 



:i|iny made tr.atie- mill I he Bouasa 

 chiefs in 1800. and in 1895 the linti-h Qofarnment 



notified the |owers that the country was umli-r its 



:; made all ad- 



vaih. 'M.I was withdrawn 



1W-Y Ji rv-i-'n-e t. a pr.-te-t from the N 

 .my coinmuiiicatvd to the French Govern- 

 i-^juenlh til. coilililliy established two 



:ied ports on the west bank <>f thr Niper within 



I hi- territory, niie at I/raU ami on- l.lic. 



a post originally e*t a bl i -hed l.v thr French under 



rt ArvinU-rp uurinp their former 



expeditioi 4cfie went to Booam after 



the I 1 . ;urvd llorin. ami found M. Carron 



established there as French resident ami the 

 French troops in possession of tin- district ami not 

 disposed to acknowledge the prior Briti-h claim-. 

 Lieut. Bretonnet assumed the title of French 

 drnt of the middle Niu'-T. He had acted under in- 

 atroction* fnun I he Minister of the Colonies direct- 

 ing htm to proceed to the occupation of points in 

 dley of the middle Niper not already occupied 



by the Knplish. The Kinp of Iloiissa was at fir-t 

 unwilling to acknowledge the French protect orate. 

 but he accepted the aid of a force of French sol- 



dian in an expedition apainst his rebellion- \-a-al. 



the King of Kworra. which resulted in the capture 

 and destruction of the town of Wa after a lipht in 

 which 100 persons were killed. Nearer hahomey 

 ('apt. liaiul and ('apt. Yerriecrsch occupied the di- 

 .nna, to which the Germans had a claim 

 under treaties with native chief-, and Commandant 

 Eftenave and Lieut. Voiilet. coming from the Sou- 

 dan, took possession of Mossi. The Sultan of (iur- 

 ma place*! hi- H.JMIO warriors at the disposition of 

 the French. AmJher exfM-dition rendered eiTective 

 1'uta .Inllon. The chance of a 

 territorial conflict with Germany was averted l>\ an 

 airnf-ment arrived at by French and (ierman nu- 

 mimkmerB, who as the result of nratnal eonoeasiofii 

 settled on a frontier line which pi VPS to Fraiu*- the 

 whole of (iurma aiul iM-rmit- Germany to annex 

 Sn-nne Ifangu to Topolaml. The Convention 

 was signed at Paris on July 2:j. 1W7. The re-i,,i, 

 obtained by France, while less productive than the 

 country conceded to(iermany. is of much preater 

 extent, ami it e^tnl.li-*hes tne lonp-desire.1 com- 

 munication between Dahomey and the Fn-n.-i 

 dan. The line of demarcation proceeds from the 

 end of tJ -tl.-d H,undary, in 



north latitude, in a nearly northwesterly direction 

 U> 11* of latitude, then bawb due west, and subse- 

 quentlv turn-, followinp the river Volta in a s,,,,th- 

 westeriy and afterwanl in a southerly .lirectioti 

 until it reaches the neutral tern 

 The German sphere embraces Ganda. Kirikri. Kun- 

 jari. Bafllo, Oamhaga. and Walwale. besides San- 

 sanne Manpti. while the Fr n< h ..tain in ad.lition 

 toth- '.a the liMr to .-f I> 



Pama, Wanpara - , In the 



coarse of the negotiations it wa< f.,unS that i 

 chiefs ha*l rei^atelly conclud- -imultane- 



with French and Germa?: t _'-iit. and had 

 also'declarecl that their territ* ^ irthcr 



than they actually did and in oth, r -.- claimed 

 an independence 'that they did not possess. It be- 



came e\ ident. furthermore, that it wa< impo>-il,le to 

 l-a-e claims on tin- mere lad that territory hail 



ipied !> "lie ..r the other of tl'ie lic- 



.ini: po\vi :.'iich and German expedi- 



had often founded stations in the lin inrd lal c 



:ieii;hlorl: n >t her. soinet ime- in the same 



place. T: li<-th p..\\i-r- agreed that 



iiad I-, a ivpulnrly concluded j.ri- 



orily of dat.- should po\rrn. 



lioiindary Ld \\eeii the I'r. nch JM.SM 

 and the Fn^lish sphere I. aj lived l\ 



the a-re. meiil .f AiiL'ii-t. .1 -a- ! o| norlii 



latitude. The French encroached on the Fnpli-h 

 sphere liy luiildinp a mill! ind -talli-hinu r 



lor the passage -f evp'-<ln ion- lr,.m lahmey 

 at a point near the intersection of t he fn.m 

 the eiphlh parallel. 



In the l.m-k country of the Hriti-h (iold < 

 colony the French have UTII as a n the 



disputed llinhrlaml of Lapos. this 



i f-r Knpland a colnred man named l-'ei LTII-- I |I 

 irs circulated aimmp the trilies as far 

 north a-s" the line from Say totiegU, l.e\,,n<l which 

 i- the acknowl. :,eh sphen- in fhe Soudan. 



and he and other Uritish au'ciil- have ..l.iained 

 t n at ies purporting to estal'lish a Uritish pr>t-etoi- 

 ate over Guruiisi. Mainpriisi. la-arii. I'. 

 Clink' l.-.lii. (Joiija. and I he n-t of t'he 



iiativ. ies made in 186 



over apain in 181)4. and in l^'.'T other I',riti-h mi^- 

 sioiis I ra\-er-i-d I In- iv^i'iii and secured fre-h t r- 

 French apents also ol.tained like tn-at ie^ from the 

 same persons or others n>-umed to have the ripht 

 to cede native territories. At WagadogO, the capi- 

 tal of Mos-i. in the extreme north. Mr. I-'eri:u-son 

 obtained a treaty in 1894, also at \\'a. I he capital of 

 Dagarti. ami Mr. 1 lender-en made a treaty on Fd.. 

 2, 1897. at Lei i, in the- Gurunsi states. Successive 

 treaties were made covering I'.iia and the other 

 states. The validity of such treaties unaccom- 

 panied With effective" po e j..n lia- l-eell denied I)V 



the French Government, and when the Ni-er Com- 

 pany undertook to establish its military power in 

 the repions of the middle \iirT the French dis- 

 patched rrmed cxpcditionshoth from the coast and 

 from their military centers in the interior north <>f 

 the line ld ween Say and Se^u t> occupy a^ much 

 as they could of the'valley of the middle Niger !- 

 fore the Mritish forces from the Gold Coa-i and the 

 expedition of the Xiper Company took actual p 

 session. French expeditions coming d>wn from 

 the north attacked and took Wairadupu. too! 



Leo, secured the submission of 



induced the Kini: <-f haL'arti to <-atice] hi- prior 

 treaty with Great I'ritain, and sub-tilutca l-'rem-h 

 treaty in it- place. In the //i/ifir/mi'l of I. 

 the French still remained in posses ion ..f the 

 Boussa district in the face of vii_'..r<uis dipli-matic 

 representa' .:>yinir I'n'U a. Illo. Niki. Kiami. 



and other towns. The' HritNh Government a-sumed 

 the direction of affairs, and empha-i/ed it- serious 

 diplomatic remonstrance- l>\ -cndini: additional 

 military forces into the tenitotiei f tlie Niper 

 Company ami considerable expeditions into the 

 backci.untry of the (}old Coa-t. In the autumn 

 the French and British military forces stood watch- 

 i'-h other, and there were moment- when a 

 colli-ion was narrowly es<-np<'l. ('apt. Stewart, the 

 I'.riti-h ofl'u-er. ami Lieut. Voulet. inpn. 



and ('apt. Sea!. iTed.-d temporary . 



merits equivalent to an armed truce in order that 

 the fjiie-tioii- at issue mipht be referred to their 

 respective Governments for a diplomatic settle- 

 ment. At Wa the French under Cai-t. Hu-'.t 

 promi-el to withdraw if the British officer would 

 also retire, and afterward re-entered the town on 

 th plea of securing themselves against attack. A 



