ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. (BRITISH.) 



recently constructed at Harry Dock," by R. C. H. 

 Davi-oii: " < 'n tin- Conditions N.r,->ary for the 

 Snccosful Treatment of Sewage Bacteria," by 

 W. J. Dibdin and George Thudicum; "An Old 

 Newcoiiicn Kngine. at Long Aslitoii. near Bristol." 

 by W. 11. 1'rarson: - Fartitions Airs." by Sir 

 Frederick iJrnmwell; "Soine Mechanical and 

 Economical Features of the Coal Question," by T. 

 F.-Mi-r Brown: " Hydraulic System of joipting 

 Tubes on Tubular Bodies," by C. Johnson; "De- 

 scription of an Instrument for measuring Small 

 Torsional Strains." by K. G. Coker: "Electric 

 Power in Workshops, by Alexander Siemans; 

 "The Application of the Electric Power to Small 

 Industrial Purposes and its K fleet on Trade and on 

 the Community (Jem-rally." by A. II. Gubbings; 

 Klrctric Power and its Application on the Three- 

 Phase Sytem to the Bristol Wagon and Carriage 

 Works."' by W. Gcibel: "Notes on the Electric- 

 Light ing Systems at Bristol," by H. Faraday 

 Proctor ; "'A New System of propelling Electric 

 Trains by Surface Contacts," by Silvanus Thompson 

 and Miles Walker; "Schemes for the Improvement 

 of the Water Way between the Bristol Channel and 

 the Birmingham' District," by Edward D. Marten; 

 "On the Welsh Methods of shipping Coal," by 

 .1. Ryan : " A New Instrument for drawing Envel- 

 opes' and its Application to the Teeth of Wheels, 

 and for Other Purposes,'' by II. S. Hele Shaw; 

 Hydraulic-Power Transmission by Compressed 

 Air!" by William Walker; "Combined Electric 

 Lighting and Power Plant for Docks and Harbors," 

 by J. G. Aldridge and "Electric Canal Haulage," 

 by Alfred II. Allen. 



H. Anthropology. The presiding officer of this 

 section was Mr. E. W. Brabrook, a fellow of the 

 Society of Antiquarians. In the beginning of his 

 address he said : " Anthropology is in fact a group 

 of sciences. There is what in France is called pure 

 anthropology or anthropology proper, but which 

 we prefer to call physical anthropology the science 

 of the physical characters of man, including an- 

 thropometry and craniology, and mainly based upon 

 anatomy and physiology. There is a comparative 

 anthropology, which deals with the zoological 

 position of mankind. TheYe is prehistoric archae- 

 ology, which covers a wide range of inquiry into 

 man's early works, and has to seek the aid of the 

 geologist and the metallurgist. There is psychology, 

 which comprehends the whole operations of his 

 mental faculties. There is linguistics, which traces 

 the history of human language. There is folklore, 

 which investigates man's traditions, customs, and 

 beliefs. There are ethnography, which describes 

 the races of mankind, and ethnology, which 

 differentiates between them, both closely connected 

 with geographical science. There is sociology, 

 which applies the learning accumulated in all the 

 other branches of anthropology to man's relation to 

 his fellows, and requires the co-operation of the 

 statistician and the economist. Great as is the 

 diversity of the anthropological sciences, their unity 

 is still more remarkable. The student of man must 

 study the whole man. No true knowledge of any 

 human group, any more than of a human individual, 

 is obtained by observation of physical characters 

 alone. Modes of thought, language, arts, and his- 

 tory must also be investigated. This simultaneous 

 investigation involves in each case the same logical 

 methods and processes. It will in general be 

 attended with the same results. If it be true that 

 the order of the universe is expressed in continuity 

 and not in cataclysm, we shall lind the same slow 

 but sure progress evident in each branch of the 

 inquiry. We shall find that nothing is lost, that no 

 race is absolutely destroyed, that everything that 

 has been still exists in a modified form, and contrib- 



utes some of its elements to that which is." The 

 greater -portion of his address was devoted to some 

 recent contributions to anthropology. With refer- 

 ence to the discovery in Java of what purports to be 

 a missing link in the chain of animal existence 

 he regards it as " a valuable document in the early 

 evolution of mankind," and " I believe that it is 

 acknowledged by all that the femur belonged to an 

 individual who stood upright, and I presume that 

 the capacity of the skull being greater than that of 

 any known anthropoid is consistent with the same 

 inference." Concerning palaeolithic man he quoted 

 Hughes, who said that he had " never yet seen any 

 evidence which would justify the inference that any 

 implements older than palaeolithic have yet been 

 found." The early works of art fabricated by man 

 were discussed and some interesting discoveries 

 mentioned. Africa was referred to as a place where 

 many remains would be likely to be found that 

 would add to the chain of continuity in the ascent 

 of man's development in industrial arts. The 

 value of folklore in preserving information that 

 had its origin in the remote past was insisted on 

 and illustrations cited to prove this fact. The final 

 portion of his address was a plea in favor of the 

 work done by the Ethnographical Survey Com- 

 mittee, and also one for urging upon the "Govern- 

 ment the necessity of establishing a Bureau of 

 Ethnology for Greater Britain." In connection with 

 the last-named he mentioned how those " who 

 visited the United States last year had the oppor- 

 tunity of observing the excellent work which is 

 done by the Bureau of Ethnology at Washington, 

 and those who stayed at home are probably familiar 

 with the valuable publications of that department." 

 The following-named papers were read and dis- 

 cussed before the section: "Human Life in High 

 Altitudes," by 0. W. Howarth ; " The Human Ear 

 as a Means of Identification," by Miss M. A. Ellis; 

 " Tabu in Japan in Ancient Mediaeval and Modern 

 Times," by 1C Minakata; "Stone Implements from 

 South Africa," by G. Leith ; " Roman Symbolic 

 Hands on Disks, Tablets, and Monuments," by 

 Frederick T. Elworthy ; " The Boats of Siam " anil 

 "The Lao Organ of the Mekong Valley," by H. 

 Warrington Smyth ; " The Mediaeval Population of 

 Bristol," by Dr! Beddoe; "The Origin of Stone 

 Worship," by H. A. Miers ; " Prehistoric Antiquities 

 in the Neighborhood of Bristol," by Lloyd Morgan ; 

 " The Stone Caves of Stanton Drew," by Alfred L. 

 Lewis ; " The Survival of Palaeolithic Conditions in 

 Australia," by Edward B. Tyler; "An Exile of 

 Twenty-eight Years among the Cannibal Blacks of 

 I'nexplored Australia," by Louis de Rougement; 

 " The Tarahumare People of Mexico," by Dr. 

 Krauss; "Myths and Customs of the Musquakie," 

 by Miss Mary A. Owen ; " A Bronze Image of 

 Buddha found in an Irish Bog," by Miss A. G. 

 Weld ; " On the Hill Tribes of the Northern and Cen- 

 tral Indian Hills: Their Ethnology, Customs, and 

 Sociology," by W. Crooke ; " On the Tribes inhabit- 

 ing the Vicinity of the Mouth of the Wanigela 

 (Kemp Witch) River, New Guinea," by R. E. Guise ; 

 "The Montzu of Western Szechuan," by Mrs. 

 Isabella Bishop ; " West African Conceptions of 

 Property," by Mary H. Kingsley; "The Native 

 Secret Societies of the West Coast of Africa," by H. 

 P. Fitzgerald Marriott ; " The Natives of the Niger 

 Delta," by Charles De Cardi; "Ancient Works 

 of Art from Benin City," by Charles H. Read ; 

 " Egypt under the First Three Dynasties, in the 

 Light of Recent Discoveries," by W. M. Flinders 

 Petrie; "The Folklore of the Outer Hebrides," by 

 A. Goodrich Freer. 



Also a " Report of the Committee on Mental and 

 Physical Deviations from the Normal among 

 Children in Public Elementary and Other Schools" ; 



