AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



65 



Poles, 3,105,221 Ruthenians, 1,176.672 Slovenes, 

 644,926 Servians and Croatian?, 675,5507 Italians and 

 Ladins, 209,110 Roumanians, and 8,189 Magyars. 

 There were 228,647 Hungarian citizens and 193,710 

 foreigners, of whom 103,433 were Germans. 46,312 

 Italians, 18,149 Russians. 6.777 Swiss, 2,720 French, 

 2,384 Turks, 2,261 British, and 1,729 Americans. 

 The population of the Austrian dominions at the 

 end of 1895 was estimated at 24,fl77.439, of whom 

 12,245,114 were of the male and 12,732.325 of the 

 female sex. Vienna, the capital, had 1,364,548 in- 

 habitants in 1890 ; Prague, 184,109 : Trieste, 158.344. 



The number of marriages in 1896 was 198,554 ; 

 of births, 974.903; of deaths, 657,153; excess of 

 births, 290,064. 



Hungary has an area of 125,039 square miles, in- 

 cluding Croatia and Slavonia. The population in 

 1890 was 17,463,473, consisting of 8,667,971 males 

 and 8,795,502 females. In respect of race as indi- 

 cated by language there were 7,426.730 Magyars, 

 2,604,260 Servians and Croatians. 2.591,905 Rou- 

 manians, 2,107,279 Germans, 1,910,279 Bohemians 

 and Slovakians, 383,392 Ruthenians, 94,679 Slovenes, 

 82,256 gypsies, and 94,679 others. The population 

 of Buda-Pesth, the Hungarian capital, was 506,384. 

 The number of marriages in 1896 was 147,477 ; of 

 births, 760,854 ; of deaths, 657,153 ; excess of births, 

 212,562. 



The emigration from Austria-Hungary in 1895 

 was 66,101, of which number 50,951 went to North 

 America, 10,511 to Brazil, 549 to the Argentine Re- 

 public, and 3,591 to other countries. 



The Common Budget. The budget for common 

 affairs for the financial year 1898 makes the total 

 expenditure 161,185,025 florins, of which 53,598,890 

 florins are derived from customs, 2,660,372 florins 

 from the Army and Navy Department, and 138,905 

 florins from other departments, 71,883,785 florins 

 are Austria's quota, 30,807,336 florins Hungary's 

 quota, and 2,095,737 florins Hungary's 2 per cent. 

 Of the expenditure 4,067,500 florins are for ordinary 

 and 77,400 florins for extraordinary expenses of the 

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 128,194,793 florins for 

 ordinary and 11,980,407 florins for extraordinary 

 expenses of the Ministry of- War for the army, 10,- 

 663,060 florins for ordinary and 3,918,200 florins for 

 extraordinary naval expenses of the Ministry of 

 War, 2,134,307 florins for ordinary and 11,900 florins 

 for extraordinary expenses of the Ministry of Fi- 

 nance, and 137,458 florins for the Board of Control. 



The supplementary credits of the army and navy 

 for 1898 amount to 30,646,030 florins. In the esti- 

 mates for 1899 the expenditure for the Ministry of 

 Foreign Affairs is reckoned at 4.274.000 florins ; 

 finny, 143,685.251 florins; navy, 16,941,260 florins; 

 Ministry of Finance and Pension fund, 2,137,184 

 florins ; Board of Control, 138.045 florins. The total 

 expenditure is set down at 167,175,940 florins, inclu- 

 sive of 2,797,558 florins of departmental revenues. 

 The receipts from customs are estimated at 59,589,- 

 530 florins; the surplus, after deducing expenses of 

 the regie,, 57,139,530 florins. The extraordinary 

 credit for the military occupation of Bosnia is 

 3,479,000 florins. Deducting the customs receipts 

 from the net expenditure of 164.378.382 florins, 

 there remains the sum of 107,238,852 florins to be 

 apportioned between Austria and Hungary in ac- 

 cordance with the quota to be fixed by law. 



The Public Debt. The general debt of the 

 whole monarchy amounted in 1897 to 2,762,752,000 

 florins : the annual charge is 126,799,554 florins, of 

 wjiich Austria pays 96,488,601 and Hungary 30,310,- 

 953 florins. The common floating debt amounted 

 on Jan. 1, 1897, to 138,949.109 florins. Austria's 

 special debt amounted to 1,490.373,000 florins, cost- 

 ing 71.649,258 florins a year. Hungary has a separate 

 debt amounting to 2,177,685 florins. " 

 VOL. xxxvni. 5 A 



The Army. Austrians and Hungarians are alike 

 liable for service in the army, in which the term is 

 three years of active service and seven years in the 

 reserve. Those not drawn for the active army or 

 navy are enrolled in the supplementary reserve or 

 in the national Austrian or Hungarian Landwehr, in 

 wh ich the period of service is twelve years. Soldiers 

 whose time has expired in the army are also in- 

 scribed for two years in the Landwehr. which in 

 time of peace is only called out for drill and in war 

 can not be mobilized without the express command 

 of the Emperor-King. Young men who have re- 

 ceived an academical education are required to 

 serve a year only either in the army or in the Land- 

 wehr. The army is organized in 15 corps, mostly of 

 2 infantry divisions of 2 brigades, 1 brigade of 

 cavalry and 1 of artillery. The annual contingent 

 for the army is 60,389 Austrians and 42,711 Hun- 

 garians ; for the Austrian Landwehr, 10,500; for 

 the Hungarian Honved, 12,500. 



The peace footing of the Austro-Hungarian army 

 in 1897 was as follows : 3,738 officers and 3.843 meii 

 attached to the staff ; 79 officers and 2,854 men in 

 the sanitary troops ; 1,536 officers and 7,680 men in 

 the establishments; 9,454 officers and 177,109 men 

 in the infantry ; 1,874 officers and 45,506 men in the 

 cavalry ; 1,636 officers and 28.152 men in the field 

 artillery ; 412 officers and 7,760 men in the fortress 

 artillery ; 575 officers and 9.918 men in the pioneers ; 

 393 officers and 3,253 men in the train; 2,168 in- 

 fantry officers and 20,657 men and 196 cavalry 

 officers and 1,899 men in the Austrian Landwehr; 

 and 2,132 infantry officers and 21,232 men and 390 

 cavalry officers and 4.251 men in the Hungarian 

 Honved; total, 24,583 officers and 334.114 men, 

 358,697 in all, with 47,149 horses and 1,048 field 

 pieces. 



The war footing is 45,238 officers and 1,826,940 

 men, with 281,886 horses and 1.864 field pieces. 

 The army is kept in a state of readiness and high 

 military efficiency. In 1898 an extensive acquisition 

 of new arms and war material was begun. 



The Navy. The navy, designed mainly for coast 

 defense, is kept in a high state of efficiency. It 

 comprises 1 second-class and 8 third-class battle- 

 ships, 8 vessels for port defense, including 4 monitors 

 in the Danube, 3 second-class and 14 smaller cruis- 

 ers, 12 gunboats, and of torpedo craft 26 of the first, 

 5 of the second, and 26 of the third class. A ram 

 cruiser of 6,100 tons, with 10.6 feet of armor over 

 the vital parts, 12,000 horse power, giving a speed 

 of 20 knots, and an armament of 2 9.4-inch and 8 

 5.9-inch quick-firing guns, besides 18 smaller ones, 

 not including machine guns, is nearly completed 

 at Trieste, where also a torpedo cruiser has been 

 built. The most modern of the effective vessels are 

 the " Monarch," " W T ien," and " Buda-Pesth," of 

 5,550 tons, 10.6-inch Harveyized armor, a speed of 

 17 knots, developed by engines of 8,500 horse power, 

 carrying 4 9.4-inch guns in two turrets and 6 5.9- 

 inch and 14 small quick firers. 



Commerce and Production. Austria in 1896 

 produced 15,507,000 hectolitres of wheat, 19,318.000 

 of barley, 36,727,000 of oats, 27,074.000 of rye. and 

 6.164,000 of corn, 88,180.000 quintals of potatoes, 

 59,348,000 of sugar beets and 24,426,000 of other 

 beets, 3,485,000 hectolitres of wine, 66.000 quintals 

 of tobacco, 100,000 of hops, 221.000 of hemp, and 

 85.000 of flax. Hungary produced 56,349,000 hec- 

 tolitres of wheat, 21,448,000 of barley, 26,341.000 of 

 oats, 18.120,000 of rye, and 51,620.000 of maize, and 

 35,644,000 quintals of potatoes, 15,469,000 of sugar 

 beets and 31,159,000 of other beets. Of silk cocoons 

 1,499,845 kilogrammes were produced in Hungary 

 and 2,027,423 in Austria in 1895. The values of the 

 principal mineral products of Austria in 1895 were: 

 Coal, 34,104,000 florins; lignite, 34,923,000 florins; 



