CANADA, DOMINION OF. 



CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



and Da Rose matter, when the Spanish envoys who 

 proposed to make their residence in Canada during 

 the war were ordered by the Canadian Government 

 to leave the country. A letter from the Premier to 

 the legal adviser of the Spaniards in Montreal 

 indicated the line of action taken. He said : " The 

 Secretary of State of the United States of America 

 has given communication to Sir Julian Pauncefote, 

 her Majesty's ambassador at Washington, of the 

 original letter addressed by Senor Carranza from 

 Montreal, on the 26th day of May last, to the Span- 

 ish Minister of Marine, and placed in his hands a 

 photographic copy of the same, which Sir Julian 

 Pfcuncefote has transmitted to the Canadian Gov- 

 ernment. The letter of Senor Carranza unequivo- 

 cally states that he has been left in Canada to 

 receive and send telegrams, and to look after the 

 spy service, which service he was then establishing. 

 The action of Senor Carranza is a violation of the 

 laws of the land, and 1 have therefore to request 

 Senor Carranza to leave this country. I have to 

 make the same request of Senor Du Bosc, who, from 

 evidence in our hands, is an accomplice in the es- 

 tablishment of the spy service which was organized 

 by Senor Carranza. I have now to ask you to be 

 good enough to convey yourself this reque'st to your 

 clients. I am anxious that they should not be sub- 

 jected to any unnecessary inconvenience, but I must 

 insist on their departure." 



There were many expressions in Canada during 

 the year in favor of an Anglo-American alliance or 

 definite international arrangement. On May 19 

 the matter came up in the House of Commons in 

 connection with a discussion of the alien labor law, 

 and the Liberal Premier and the Conservative 

 leader each expressed favorable views. Sir Wilfrid 

 Laurier spoke as follow : ' I have only this to say 

 to Mr. McCleary, even if the law is deficient and if 

 it had to be amended, I would ask Parliament not 

 to choose the present moment to amend it. I would 

 deprecate, and I think everybody ought to depre- 

 cate, that at this moment, when our neighbors are 

 engaged in war, any action should be taken by this 

 Parliament which, ever so remotely, would look as 

 hostile to them. For my part, I would rather sub- 

 mit to some inconvenience, to seeing the law a little 

 deficient, even if it were deficient in my own judg- 

 ment, than to change it at this moment, when it is 

 possible that the mother country and the American 

 nation may assume more friendly relations than 

 they have ever assumed before." 



The appropriation by Congress of $474,151 to pay 

 the Bering Sea award was received with satisfac- 

 tion in Canada, as was also the announcement of 

 the proposed international conference to discuss 

 and attempt to settle all the questions at issue be- 

 tween the two countries. This important meeting 

 opened at Quebec on Aug. 23, 1898. with thefollow- 

 i:i.i;-!iaiiied delegates: Great Britain Lord Her- 

 sehell, chairman of conference. Canada Sir Wil- 

 frid Laurier, Prime Minister; Sir R. Cartwright, 

 Minister of Trade and Commerce ; Sir Louis Davies, 

 Minister of Marine; John Charlton, M. P. New- 

 foundland Sir James Winter, Prime Minister: 

 Hon. A. B. Morine, Receiver General. United 

 States Gen. John W.Foster; Hon. George Gray, 

 Ignited States Senator; Hon. C. W. Fairbanks, 

 United States Senator ; Hon. John A. Kasson ; Hon. 

 Nelson Dingley, M. C. ; T. Jefferson Coolidge. 



The following questions were to be discussed : 

 Reciprocity of trade ; fur seals in Bering Sea and 

 the north Pacific Ocean; Atlantic and Pacific coast 

 fisheries and fisheries in inland waters contiguous 

 i to the frontier; mining rights of citizens of one 

 ountry within the territory of another; alien labor 

 laws; war vessels on the lakes ; delimitation of the 

 lea-Canadian boundary ; transportation of mer- 



chandise in bond through the United States and 

 Canada ; the conveyance of persons in custody of 

 ollicers of one country through the territory of the 

 other. 



After several meetings in Quebec, and various 

 festivities in honor of the visitors, the conference 

 adjourned and met again in Washington early in 

 November. 



Miscellaneous. In May. 1898, the Mac-Cord 

 claim against Peru, which had assumed interna- 

 tional importance through the United States taking 

 up the matter, was referred to arbitration, and Sir 

 Henry Strong, Chief Justice of Canada, was chosen 

 as arbitrator. In July Lord Strathcona, of Mount 

 Royal (Donald A. Smith, of Montreal), Canadian 

 High Commissioner in London, took his first active 

 share in imperial legislation by moving and carry- 

 ing in the House of Lords a bill legalizing colonial 

 marriages with a deceased wife's sister. An im- 

 portant meeting of the Royal Society of Canada 

 was held in Quebec, May 25-27. presided ovei; by the 

 Hon. F. G. Marchand, Premier of Quebec. Many 

 valuable papers were read, and the Hon. J. W. 

 Longley, of Halifax, and Dr. G. R, Parkin, C. M. G., 

 of Toronto, were elected fellows. 



CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. The 

 British colony of theCape of Good Hope and the neigh- 

 boring colony of Natal, together with the independ- 

 ent Boer republics the Orange Free State and the 

 South African Republic occupy the temperate part 

 of South Africa south of the Orange and Limpopo 

 rivers. Between this region and the Zambesi are the 

 British protectorates of Bechuanaland and British 

 South Africa, or Rhodesia, occupying the elevated 

 central region, generally fertile, salubrious, and rich 

 in minerals, while the coast region in the east from 

 the Zambesi river to the Zulnland Reserve forms 

 the southern part of Portuguese East Africa, and in 

 'the west German Southwest Africa occupies the 

 poorly watered plains of Damaraland and Nama- 

 qualand, extending from the Orange river to the 

 Portuguese colony of Angola. The territories of 

 the British South Africa Company include the 

 region known as British Central Africa, extending 

 north of the Zambesi to the borders of the Congo 

 Free State, and to the cast of this undeveloped 

 region the British Central African Protectorate, 

 otherwise called Nyassaland, is projected between 

 Portuguese territories on the Zambesi and Mozam- 

 bique. 



Cape Colony. The Cape Parliament is composed 

 of a Legislative Council elected for seven years and 

 a House of Assembly elected for five years. All 

 male citizens earning 50 a year or occupying a 

 house or a lodging and able to write their names 

 and addresses possess the franchise. The Governor 

 of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner 

 for South Africa is Sir Alfred Milner. appointed in 

 1897. The ministry in the beginning of 1898 con- 

 sisted of the following members : Prime Minister, 

 Treasurer, and Secretary for Native Affairs, Sir J. 

 Gordon Sprigg ; Colonial Secretary. Dr. T. N. G. 

 Te Water ; Attorney-General, Sir Thomas Uping- 

 ton ; Commissioner of Public Works, Sir Janies 

 Sivewright ; Secretary for Agriculture, Sir P. II. 

 Faure. 



Area and Population. The area of Cape Colony, 

 including Griqualand West, East Qriqualand, Tem- 

 buland, the Transkeian territory, Walfisch Bay, 

 Pondoland, and British Bechuanaland, is 276.925 

 square miles, and the population in 1891 was 1,389.- 

 053, of whom 382,198 were white and 1,383,762 

 colored. Excluding Pondoland and the Crown 

 colony of British Bechuanaland. annexed in 1894 

 and 1895, the population was 1.527.224, of whom 

 331,950 were Afrikanders, 38,497 British-born, 6.540 

 Germans, 13,907 Malays, 1,265.511 native Hottentots, 



