108 



CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



compensation to settlers and the cost of food dis- 

 tributed among the natives after the war was over. 

 The casualties among the 'whites numbered C;J9, 

 al><>ut 10 percent, of the whole population, including 

 Jtil murdered or missing, 187 who lost their lives 

 through wounds or oilier causes, and 188 wound- 

 ed. The revenue for IS'.ts. exclusive of stand 

 -. amounted to 100.653. the highest figure yet 

 reached. After nil tin- expenses connected with 

 suppressing the rebellion were paid out of the new 

 capital raised in London, a balance of 500,000 re- 

 mained to meet the* ordinary expenses of the 

 company. The suspense account, consisting of 

 money spent on the Jameson raid which Mr. Rhodes 

 and liis associates have promised to repay, amount- 

 ed i" t'.t 1.000. At the meeting of the shareholders 

 in April, isiis. it was decided to increase the capital 

 in f .-,.(>( M),000, issuing for the present only 250,000 

 shares to the shareholders pro rata at 2 a share 

 and reserving 1.250,000 shares to be issued from 

 time to time when additional capital is needed to 



-emote the commercial interests of the company, 

 'hen the shares were offered, instead of 500,000 

 the public subscribed 1,250.000. Cecil J. Rhodes, 

 Alfred Beit, and Roehfort Maguire, who retired 

 from the directorate in 1897 on account of their 

 connection with the Jameson raid into the Trans- 

 vaal, were re-elected in 1898. In anticipation of 

 the erection of South Rhodesia into a self-governing 

 colony, it was decided to keep separate accounts of 

 the commercial business of the company and the 

 amounts received and expended by it in discharge 

 of its duties as a government, with a view to having 

 the aggregate deficits assumed by the people as a 

 public debt when they assume full responsibility for 

 the administration of the country. The accumu- 

 lated annual deficits in the ordinary budget up to 

 March, 1897, amounted to 1,145,000, to which 

 must be added the cost of suppressing the native 

 insurrections and of combating the rinderpest, rail- 

 road guarantees and deficits, and other items. 



The British Government after the Jameson raid 

 transferred the control of the military forces to the 

 High Commissioner and decided to divest the com- 

 pany of a great part of its political and administrative 

 responsibilities and privileges, the directors having 

 already, in 1895, suggested that a voice in the admin- 

 istration be given to the inhabitants as a step toward 

 full responsible government. The plan adopted by 

 the Secretary of State for the colonies was an- 

 nounced in January, 1898. The High Commissioner 

 Ixifore had control over legislation and administra- 

 tion, but it was not exercised. In the future all 

 legislation will l>c passed locally by the Legislative 

 Council of South Rhodesia, comprising 2 elective 

 members for Mashonalnnd. "2 for Matabeleland, and 

 5 members nominated by the company, insuring it 

 a majority so long as it remains responsible for the 

 finances. Ordinances passed by the Legislative 

 Council may lie disallowed within a year by the 

 Colonial Secretary, either of his own motion or at 

 the rcquestof the board of directors of the Char- 

 tered Company in London. All orders or resolutions 

 of the board mu>t lie submitted to the Secretary of 

 State for his approval. He will have power, more- 

 over, to remove any director or official of the com- 

 pany in London. Administrators a re appointed, one 

 for Matabeleland ami one for Mashonaland, each hav- 

 ing an executive council and each being a member 

 and one of them president of the Legislative Coun- 

 cil. An imperial officer will be appointed and paid 

 by the Crown, styled tin- Resident Commissioner. 

 who will control the employment of the armed 

 forces, but hn\e no power to'deal directly with the 

 officials of the administration. He has a seat and a 

 voice in the Legislative Council, but no right to 

 vote. On information furnished by him the High 



Commissioner will act in disallowing ordinances 

 and in giving or withholding his approval of ap- 

 pointments and removals from office. In extraor- 

 dinary cases the High Commissioner shall have 

 power to legislate by proclamation. The comman- 

 dant of the forces is appointed and paid by the 

 Crown. In employing the forces for police pur- 

 poses, including the suppression of internal disorder, 

 he shall ordinarily be guided by the wishes of the 

 administrator and his subordinates, referring to 

 the Resident Commissioner for instruction in eases 

 when he thinks it undesirable to comply with their 

 requirements, and in no case undertaking military 

 operations without his authority. 



After Cecil Rhodes and his companions, J. W. 

 Colenbrander, Dr. Hans Sauer, Mr. Stent, and John 

 Grootboom, went to the rebellious Matabele in the 

 Matoppo hills and secured their final submission, 

 they surrendered an enormous number of arms and 

 have since remained perfectly loyal. Native com- 

 missioners were brought from Natal. Salaried in- 

 dnnas exercise a limited control in the different 

 districts. Natives indentured to white landowners 

 are protected by the native commissioners from 

 wrong, and for the remainder of the native popula- 

 tion a reserve of tillable land has been set apart in 

 each district. The pegging of farms has been pro- 

 hibited within the limits of the reservations. Local 

 government had its first trial in the establishment 

 of municipalities at Salisbury and Buluwayo in 

 virtue of regulations that came into operation in 

 September, 1897. 



The establishment of railroad communication 

 with the seaboard in both directions has enabled 

 the mining companies to carry out development work 

 on some of the properties which Mr. Hammond pro- 

 nounced to be true fissure veins and to import 

 machinery and begin crushing. Six quartz mills 

 were started in 1898. There were 156,235 registered 

 mining claims on Jan. 31, 1898, covering4,438 miles 

 of reef, exclusive of claims abandoned after regis- 

 tration. The South Africa Company has decided 

 to take a more active part in the development of 

 minerals. Under the peculiar mining law adopted 

 for this country a prospector is not restricted to a 

 single claim, but is allowed to stake out twenty, on 

 which no monthly license or other tux or royalty is 

 paid until the mine is developed. Instead of this, 

 when a company is floated to work the mine, the 

 Chartered Company receives 50 per cent, of the 

 purchase money. In arrangements with companies 

 already started the company has reduced its share 

 of the vendor's scrip. In order to hasten the devel- 

 opment of the gold mines the South Africa Com- 

 pany will appoint engineers to examine promising 

 claims, and on the starting of a new company will 

 subscribe a part of the working capital. The total 

 amount of capital raised in England, first and last, 

 by the Chartered Company is about 6.(X)0,000. in- 

 cluding debenture bonds, but not including 2,000,- 

 000 guarantee for the Bechuanaland Railroad, the 

 cost of telegraph lines and of the Mashonaland and 

 Beira railroads, and other items which would bring 

 the total amount of capital invested up to 10.000,- 

 000. This 6.000.000 Cecil Rhodes proposes to 

 shift to the colonists of Rhodesia in the form of a 

 public debt, leaving the company in possession of 

 its commercial privileges and its right to half the 

 minerals. The British South Africa Companv in 

 1895 offered to incorporate in the Rhodesian Con- 

 stitution a provision to give preferential tariff rates 

 to British goods, but the proposal was rejected by 

 the Liberal Cabinet, which wished to have the pro- 

 vision cover imported goods from any country. In 

 1898 it was renewed and was accepted by Lord 

 Salisbury's Government, the provision being that 

 the duty to be charged on British goods shall never 



