exceed the duty at present levied by Cape Colony, 

 which is a tariff for revenue only, averaging about 

 9 per cent. 



The administrators appointed under the new 

 charter are Mr. Milton at Bulnwayo and Capt. Law- 

 ley at Salisbury. Sir Marshall Clarke was appointed 

 Resident Commissioner. 



British Central Africa. The territory north 

 of the Zambesi that was given over to the admin- 

 istration of the British South Africa Company in 

 1MI1 has an area of about 250,000 square miles, 

 with an estimated population of 650,000. There 

 are now over 850 Europeans in this region, which 

 li;is lately been invaded by East Indian traders. 

 Settlements under British administration have been 

 established in the Tanganyika district, on Lake 

 Mweru, and near Bangweolo on the Luapula river. 

 The territory includes the populous Barotse king- 

 dom. The boundary on the west between the 

 British sphere and the Portuguese territory is to be 

 determined by an Anglo-Portuguese commission 

 appointed under a provisional agreement termi- 

 nating in July, 1898. The head of the administra- 

 tion and representative of the. Chartered Company 

 is Major P. Forbes. 



British Central African Protectorate. 

 Nyassaland was declared a British protectorate in 

 May, 1891. The British commissioner and consul 

 general is Alfred Sharpe. The area of the pro- 

 tectorate is about 38,000 square miles. The popula- 

 tion in 1897 numbered 300 Europeans, 263 Indian 

 traders, and 844,995 natives. Blantyre, in the 

 Shire Highlands, the chief town, has a population 

 of 6,000 natives and 100 Europeans. In this dis- 

 trict the settlers have coffee plantations, produ- 

 cing 850,000 pounds in 1897. They also grow rice, 

 wheat, oats, and barley, and raise sheep and ponies. 

 The imports were valued in 1896 at 82,760, and 

 exports at 19,670; imports in 1897 at 80,054, and 

 exports at 23,299. Steamboats convey goods be- 

 tween the river and lake ports and the British con- 

 cession in Chinde, at the mouth of the Zambesi. 

 There are 5 English gunboats kept on the Shire and 

 Zambesi rivers. The armed force employed in the 

 protectorate to preserve order and check the slave 

 trade consists of 185 Sikhs and 800 native troops, 

 besides 200 police. A telegraph line connects 

 Blantyre with Zomba, Tete, Fort Salisbury, and the 

 Cape system. 



The'Angoni Zulus, who number about 40.000 

 fighting men and inhabit the country on the bor- 

 ders of British Central Africa, Portuguese East 

 Africa, and Northern Rhodesia, under their King, 

 Mpseni, lived in peace with the white settlers in 

 their country until at the beginning of 1898 the 

 warlike ardor of the young men could no longer 

 be restrained by the old King. The British Cen- 

 tral Africa rifles and a force of Sikhs relieved 

 Fort Jameson, whence Capt. Brake, setting out on 

 Jan. 18, with 300 Atonga riflemen and 50 Sikhs, 

 marched to the aid of Mr. Wiese, who was beseiged 

 at Loangweni, in the heart of the Angoni country. 

 After a skirmish Capt. Brake occupied Loangweni, 

 and remained there until nearly 1,000 troops, under 

 Col. Manning, regular Sikhs and natives, with field 

 guns and Maxims, were concentrated in the ter- 

 ritory. Dividing into four columns, the force dev- 

 astated the country, capturing all the cattle and 

 destroying the villages and cultivated spots. After 



CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



109 



who had remained quiet since their subjugation in 

 1890, assembled to the number of 6,000 to resist the 

 occupation of their country by white immigrants. 

 Troops were sent from Zomba to punish them. 



German Southwest Africa. The German pro- 

 tectorate has a total area of 822,450 square miles, 

 with a population of about 200,000 Hottentots, 

 Damaras, Bushmen, and Kaffirs. The whites in 

 June, 1897, numbered 2,628. Of the male popula- 

 tion, 1,221 were Germans and 333 British and Boers. 

 The local revenue in 1895 was 27,740 marks, and 

 the Imperial Government appropriated 1,000,000 

 marks, leaving still a deficit of 1,429,840 marks, for 

 the expenditure was 2,457,580 marks. The local 

 revenue for 1898 was estimated at 790,200 marks, to 

 which the Imperial Government added a contribu- 

 tion of 3,015.000 marks to meet the estimated ex- 

 penditure of 3,805,200 marks. The imports through 

 the British port of Walfisch Bay, hitherto the only 

 available seaport in this part of the country, were 

 valued at 944,695 marks in 1894, and the exports at 

 106,833 marks. The trade overland is much greater. 

 The Germans have planned to build a harbor at 

 Swakopmund and are building a railroad to connect 

 it with Windhoek, the seat of the administration, 

 which is 180 miles inland. The natives of Damara- 

 land rear cattle in great herds. Goats of the native 

 breed are raised, and sheep have been introduced 

 from Cape Colony. The country is comparatively 

 barren and waterless except in the north, where an 

 Anglo-German company has obtained a concession. 

 In December, 1897, the Zwartberg Hottentots in 

 the northern part of the territory, where the Ger- 

 mans have undertaken to rear cattle, attacked the 

 whites and were dispersed by the troops after a fight 

 in which one German was killed and Capt. von 

 Estorf, the commander, and another were wounded. 



Portuguese Possessions. Portuguese East 

 Africa is the coast region north and south of the 

 Zambesi lying east of British Central Africa and 

 British South Africa. It is divided into the prov- 

 inces of Mozambique, Zambesia, and Lourengo 

 Marques, the military district of Gaza, and the dis- 

 tricts of Inhambane, Manica, and Sofala. The two 

 last have been committed to the administration of 

 the Mozambique Company, which received in 1891 

 a royal charter granting sovereign power for fifty 

 years. The country between Lake Nyassa, the 

 Rovuma, and the Lurio is administered under a 

 royal charter by the Nyassa Company. The Zam- 

 besia Company is authorized to carry on industrial, 

 commercial, agricultural, and mining operations. 

 Another company has sugar plantations on the 

 lower Zambesi. 



The revenue of the colony for 1898 was estimated 

 at 3,952,820 milreis, and the expenditure at 3,700.- 

 040 milreis. The imports at the port of Mozam- 

 bique were 87,760 and the exports 59.418 in 

 value in 1896 ; imports at Quilimane in 1894 were 

 valued at 94,537, and exports at 76,344; im- 

 ports at Beira amounted to 160,570. exports to 

 17,950, and the transit trade to 142,960 ; and at 

 Lourenco Marques in 1896 the imports amounted to 

 638,410, exports to 17,857, and the transit trade 

 to 1,518,970. The number of vessels that called 

 at Mozambique in 1896 was 101, of 204,834 tons, 

 and at Lourenco Marques 391, of 559,646 tons. 

 Englishmen and others have located 1,325 claims 

 for gold mining in Manicaland, but have not de- 



Singu, their leader, was taken prisoner the Angonis veloped them, owing to lack of means of communi- 



gave up the contest, having made but a feeble re- cation. The Delagoa Bay Railroad runs 57 miles to 



sistance. Mpseni surrendered on Feb. 9. After the Transvaal border, whence it is continued for 



this campaign, in which only two whites lost their 290 miles to Pretoria. The Beira Railroad has been 



lives, Europeans settled freely on the land of the completed from Fontesvilla to Massikesse, 118 



Angonis within the Nyassaland limits and in the miles, and the end sections from Beira to Fontes- 



neighboring Charterland. In April the southern villa and from Massikesse to Umtali and Salisbury 



Angonis of the Domwe district of North Rhodesia, are under construction. There are 950 miles of 



