184 



CONGRESS. (WAR MEASURES.) 



or comfort to the enemies thereof are hereby re- 

 moved." 



It was passed at once, without discussion ; and it 

 came up in the House of Representatives Juno 1. 

 The title was amended so as to read: "A bill to 

 remove all disability imposed by section 3 of the 

 fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the 

 United States," and the measure was amended so 

 as to provide simply, "that the disability imposed 

 by section 3 of the fourteenth amendment to the 

 Constitution of the United States heretofore in- 

 curred is hereby removed." It was then passed 

 aftt-r a few harmonious speeches. It was approved 

 by the President, June 6, 1^'". 



" War Measures. April 23 the House of Repre- 

 sentatives passed a bill for the better organization 

 <>f the line of the arm v of the United States; on 

 April 'jr il wax amended and passed by the Senate; 

 and the President approved it, April 26, in the form 

 adopted by a conference committee, as follows: 



"Be it enacted, etc., That hereafter the peace 

 organization of each regiment of infantry now in 

 service shall embrace 1 colonel, 1 lieutenant colonel, 

 2 majors, 10 captains, 12 first lieutenants, 10 second 

 lieutenants, 1 sergeant major, 1 quartermaster ser- 

 geant, 1 chief musician, 2 principal musicians, 2 

 battalions of 4 companies each, and 2 skeleton or 

 unmanned companies, the organized companies to 

 be constituted as now authorized by law : Provided, 

 That nothing herein contained shall be construed 

 as abolishing the office of chaplain in each regiment 

 of colored troops: And provided further, That the 

 vacancies in the grade of major created by this sec- 

 tion shall be filled by promotion according to sen- 

 iority in the infantry arm. 



" SEC. 2. That upon a declaration of war by Con- 

 gress, or a declaration by Congress that war exists, 

 the President, in his discretion, may establish a 

 third battalion for each infantry regiment, consist- 

 ing of four companies, to be supplied by manning 

 the two skeleton companies and by organizing two 

 additional companies. The vacancies of commis- 

 sioned officers in the additional companies shall be 

 filled by promotions by seniority in the infantry 

 arm and by appointments in accordance with exist- 

 ing law ; and hereafter all vacancies occurring in 

 the cavalry, artillery, and infantry above the grade 

 of second lieutenant shall, subject to the examina- 

 tion now required by law, be filled by promotion 

 according to seniority from the next lower grade in 

 each arm. 



" SEC. 3. That upon a declaration of war by Con- 

 gress, or a declaration by Congress that war exists, 

 the enlisted strength of a company, troop, and bat- 

 tery, respectively, may, in the discretion of the 

 President, be increased to comprise not exceed- 

 ing: 



" For each company of infantry : One first ser- 

 geant, 1 qiiartermuM.cr sergeant, 4 sergeants, 12 cor- 

 |x>rals, 2 musicians, 1 artificer, 1 wagoner, and 84 

 privates; total enlisted, 106: Provided, That in the 

 event of a call by the President for either volun- 

 teers or the militia of the country the President is 

 authorized to accept the quotas of troops of the 

 various States and Territories, including the Dis- 

 trict of Columbia and Indian Territory, as organ- 

 ized under the laws of the States and "Territories, 

 including the District of Columbia, in companies, 

 troops, and batteries, each to contain, so far as 

 practicable, the number of enlisted men authorized 

 in this act for each arm of the service, and bat- 

 talions of not less than 3 such companies and regi- 

 ments of not less than 10 nor more than 12 such 

 companies, but this proviso shall apply to compa- 

 nies, troops, batteries, battalions, and' regimental 

 organizations and none other: Provided furllti-r, 

 That in volunteer organizations received into tin- 



service under this act and existing laws one hos- 

 pital steward shall be authorized lor each bat- 

 talion. 

 " For each troop of cavalry : One first sergeant, 



1 quartermaster sergeant, 6 sergeants, 8 corporals, 



2 farriers and blacksmiths, 2 trumpeters, 1 saddler, 

 1 wagoner, 78 privates; total enlisted, 100. 



" For each battery of heavy artillery : One first 

 sergeant, 22 sergeants, 10 corporals, 2 musicians, 2 

 artificers, 1 wagoner, 162 privates ; total enlisted, 

 200. 



" For each battery of field artillery : One first 

 sergeant, 1 quartermaster sergeant, 1 veterinary 

 sergeant, 6 sergeants, 15 corporals, 2 farriers, 2 

 artificers, 1 saddler, 2 musicians, 1 wagoner, 141 

 privates; total enlisted, 173. 



" For each company of engineers : One first ser- 

 geant, 10 sergeants, 10 corporals, 2 musicians, 64 

 first-class privates, 63 second-class privates; total 

 enlisted, 150. 



" In time of war there shall be added to the 

 Signal Corps of the army 10 corporals, 100 first- 

 class privates, and 40 second-class privates, who 

 shall nave the pay and allowances of engineer 

 troops of the same grade. 



" The quartermaster and veterinary sergeants 

 provided for in this section shall have the pay and 

 allowances of sergeants of their respective arms. 



" SEC. 4. That when recruited to their war 

 strength the President may add one second lieu- 

 tenant to each battery of artillery ; such offices to 

 be filled by appointments, as prescribed by existing 

 law. 



' SEC. 5. That in time of war the President shall 

 cause the batteries of artillery authorized by law to 

 be organized as heavy or field artillery, as in his 

 judgment the exigencies of the service may require. 



" SEC. 6. That in time of war the pay proper of 

 enlisted men shall be increased 20 per cent, over 

 and above the rates of pay as fixed by law : Pro- 

 vided, That in war time no additional increased 

 compensation shall be allowed to soldiers perform- 

 ing what is known as extra or special duty : Pro- 

 vided further, That any soldier who deserts shall, 

 besides incurring the penalties now attaching to 

 the crime of desertion, forfeit all right to pension 

 which he might otherwise have acquired. 



" SEC. 7. That in time of war every officer serving 

 with troops operating against an enemy who shall 

 exercise, under assignment in orders issued by com- 

 petent authority, a command above that pertaining 

 to his grade, shall be entitled to receive the pay and 

 allowances of the grade appropriate to the com- 

 mand so exercised: Provided, That a rate of pay 

 exceeding that of a brigadier general shall not be 

 paid in any case by reason of such assignment : 

 Provided further, That at the end of any war in 

 which the United States may become involved the 

 army shall be reduced to "a peace basis by the 

 transfer in the same arm of the service cr absorp- 

 tion by promotion or honorable discharge under 

 such regulations as the Secretary of War may es- 

 tablish of supernumerary commissioned officers and 

 the honorable discharge or transfer of supernumer- 

 ary enlisted men; and nothing contained in this 

 act shall be construed as authorizing a permanent 

 increase of the commissioned or enlisted force of 

 the Regular Army beyond that now provided by 

 the law in force prior to the passage of this act. 

 except as to the increase of twenty-five majors pro- 

 vided for in section 1 hereof." 



On April 20 the House of Representatives passed 

 a bill "to provide for temporarily increasing tin- 

 military establishment of the United States in time 

 of war and for other purposes." On April 21 it 

 was amended and passed by the Senate, and after 

 an agreement on certain changes in conference 



