EXPOSITION, TRANS-MISSISSIPPI AND INTERNATIONAL. 



253 



arch were covered colonnades, connecting with the 

 Manufactures Building on the east and the Agri- 

 cultural Building on the west. 



Manufactures Building. This structure was de- 

 signed by John J. Humphreys, of Denver, Col., and 

 was 400 feet long by 152 feet wide. Its facade, 

 fronting on the lagoon, was accentuated at the 

 center and end with pavilions 64 and 40 feet long, 

 respectively, thereby presenting a sufficient variety 

 of mass. The height of the building to the top of 

 the main cornice was 40 feet, the height of order 30 

 feet, resting on a stylobate 10 feet high. The height 

 of the center pavilion to the top of the crowning 

 group of statuary was 85 feet, while the end pavil- 

 ion was 65 feet to the top of the dome. The large 

 windows, 10 feet wide by 24 feet high, were placed 

 at intervals of 16 feet, and the roof having a large 

 skylight area made the interior very bright and 

 cheerful. The center entrance was 24 feet wide by 

 34 feet high, and very rich in decoration, flanked 

 on either side by coupled columns and their accom- 

 panying pilasters, standing 6 feet from the walls. 

 The main cornice broke around a projection of 

 columns supporting pedestals for groups of statuary 

 12 feet high. The center of the pavilion was 

 crowned by a colossal group of statuary. There 

 were also single statues between columns resting on 

 a stylobate projected out to receive them. The span- 

 drels above the arch were decorated with bas-reliefs. 

 The end pavilions, with their entrances, were 

 crowned with shallow domes. The entire interior 

 elaboration was confined to classic ornaments. The 

 ceiling, a large barrel vault with intersecting cross- 

 vault, was richly coffered and elaborately deco- 

 rated. On the walls were emblematic paintings. 

 The superintendent was H. B. Hardt. 



Machinery and Electricity Building. This build- 

 ing was designed by D. H. Perkins, of Chicago, 111., 

 and was 304 feet long and 144 feet deep. The style 

 of architecture followed was modern Renaissance, 

 and was in harmony with the adjacent structures. 

 There were triple entrances on the main floor level 

 in the center of the main front, and similar groups 

 in the centers of the east and west fronts, with four 

 emergency exits in the north wall. In front of the 

 building, flanking both sides of the main entrance, 

 was an open portico 16 feet wide, running the entire 

 front of the building. The center entrance feature 

 projected beyond the portico, thus forming the 

 grand-entrance vestibule. The main floor covered 

 the entire area of the building. Above was a gal- 

 lery 32 feet in width, extending around the four 

 outer walls. The gallery was reached by spacious 

 staircases in the front corners of the building. 

 This left a high central court 248 feet long by 80 

 feet wide, lighted from the skylights and clerestory 

 windows above the roof. The ornamental span- 

 drels and panels received all of their motifs and 

 suggestions from machinery. The cresting at the 

 top was composed of cogwheels, this principle being 



I carried out in all of the decorations. The under- 



I lying principles and functions of machinery were 

 symbolized by the groups of statuary on the top of 

 the building. At each of the four corners were 



i groups representing the early supremacy of man 

 over the untamed forces of Nature. A higher su- 

 premacy was shown by the center group, which 

 was the dominating feature of the entire design. 

 In this, man, developed beyond the youthful stage, 

 having wisdom, takes these same untamed, unhar- 

 nessed forces of Nature and harnesses them to his 



1 chariot, making them do his bidding, symbolizing 

 in a direct way the service which machinery does 

 for man in xising the power of steam, fire, elec- 

 tricity, and gravity. The superintendent of both 

 the department of machinery and the department 

 of electricity was Prof. R. B. Owens. 





Mines and Mining Building. S. S. Beman, of 

 Chicago, was the architect of this building which 

 was 304 feet long and 140 feet wide. The Greek 

 Ionic style of architecture characterized this struc- 

 ture. On the fagade, facing the lagoon was a cir- 

 cular dome 150 feet in circumference that formed a 

 grand, open vestibule and which served as an ap- 

 proach to the building. The inner dome was richly 

 ornamented with ribs and panels, while the outer 

 one was formed by a series of steps rising in the 

 shape of a cone to the apex. An outer row of dome 

 columns was detached and the entablatures were 

 broken at the head of each, over which was a statue 

 on a pedestal with a background formed by the 

 stylobate of the dome. This treatment produced a 

 monumental effect, and while in perfect harmony 

 with the architectural style, was both original and 

 interesting. Flanking the central dome were beau- 

 tiful Ionic colonnades which formed covered ways 

 along the entire facade, stopping at the corner 

 towers. Over these colonnades were balconies that 

 opened out from the interior galleries of the build- 

 ing. The four corners of the building were marked 

 by square, plain towers surmounted by ornate, open, 

 columned pavilions that were circular in form. Dr. 

 David T. Day, of the United States Geological Sur- 

 vey, was in charge of the department, and most of 

 the exhibits were secured through his efforts. 



Liberal Arts Building. The architects of this 

 building were Fisher & Laurie of Omaha, Neb., 

 and in length it was 246 feet with a depth of 130 

 feet. The design was of the French Renaissance 

 style of architecture. Its location was immediately 

 to the east of the Arch of States. The exterior of 

 the building presented the appearance of two stories, 

 the first story or stylobate being low in treatment, 

 with small windows cut into a plain wall surface. 

 The second story was enriched by Corinthian col- 

 umns, set in pairs with ornamental windows be- 

 tween, and the top of the building was finished with 

 an open balustrade which added to the general 

 effect. At each corner of the building were pavil- 

 ions with ornamental pediments projecting suffi- 

 ciently from the main line wall to show a strong 

 corner treatment. Above the pediments at each 

 corner of the building were octagonal bases on 

 which were set groups of statuary. Each group 

 was composed of four heroic figures, the main one, 

 representing the Liberal Arts, being supported by 

 two kneeling figures suggesting industrial art, while 

 in front of all was a smaller figure supporting 

 a shield on which the attributes of pottery and 

 wrought iron were inscribed. The class of exhibits 

 for which the building was used was indicated by 

 the free use of statuary and ornament on the ex- 

 terior. Mrs. Frances M. Ford was the superin- 

 tendent of the building. 



To complete the group of buildings forming the 

 Grand Court of Honor, mention must be made of 

 the Boys' and Girls' Building, which was designed 

 by Walker & Kim ball, and the cost of which, 

 $9,000, was contributed by the children of the Trans- 

 Mississippi region, and of the Auditorium, which 

 was designed by Fisher & Laurie, of Omaha, Neb. 

 These two buildings occupied respectively the north- 

 east and southeast corners of the Court of Honor. 

 On the Bluff tract was the 



Horticultural Building, which was 300 feet long, 

 130 feet wide, and 160 feet high. It was designed 

 by Charles F. Beindorf, who succeeded in producing 

 a building singularly striking in its splendid masses, 

 effective features, and excellent grouping. While 

 a classic motif was adopted, it was handled with an 

 unconventional freedom that gave to the whole a 

 rich Oriental effect. The basis of design was the 

 chaste Ionic. The details were modeled from flow- 

 ers, fruits, and foliage. On either side of the stately 



