FRANCE. 



283 



The special trade of France with the colonies in 

 396 amounted to 137,300,000 francs of imports and 

 105,200,000 francs of exports, not including the 

 trade with Algeria and Tunis, which would bring 

 the total up to 358,800,000 francs of imports and 

 345,600,000 francs of exports. The commerce of 

 the several colonies for the latest years reported 

 was, in francs, as shown in the following table : 



COLONIES. 



Senegal 13,866,000 



French Guinea 4,634,000 



Ivory Coast 4,638,000 



Dahomey 9,729,000 



French Congo 3.166,000 



Mayotte and Comoro 603,000 



Diego Suarez 6,700,000 



Nossi B6 2,521,000 



R6union 19,671,000 



French India 3,277,000 



Cochin China and Cambodia 41,636,000 



Annam 151,000 



Tonquin 358,000 



St.-Pierre and Miquelon 7,091,000 



Martinique 19,726,000 



Guadeloupe 7,106,000 



French Guiana 4,387,000 



NewCaledouia 2,411,000 



Oceaniea i 149,000 



Imports. 



ExporU. 



17,985,000 



5,787,000 



4,400,000 



9,100,000 



2,345,000 



972,000 



680,000 



2,383.000 



17,086,000 



20,129,000 



88,826,000 



2,549,000 



13,311,000 



9,401,000 



21,431,000 



18,793,000 



4,734,000 



5,749,000 



3.098,000 



801,956 francs were imports from France and 57,- 

 997,003 francs from other countries. Total value 

 of exports 247,409,742 francs, 203,779,613 francs to 

 France and 43,630,129 francs to other countries. 

 The principal special imports were animals for 

 8,386,891 francs, animal products for 2,352,223 

 francs, colonial products for 7,759,478 francs, tim- 

 ber for 4,458,250 francs, and textile fabrics for 1,696,- 

 233 francs. 



The special commerce for 1896 was divided among 

 different countries, as shown in the following table, 

 values being given in francs : 



The expenditure of France on the colonies in 1898 

 was 88,030,868, exclusive of Algeria, and the amount 

 received from the colonies, including Cochin China's 

 contribution of 4,510,000 francs, was 9,296,914 

 francs. The military and naval expenditure for the 

 colonies makes the annual cost to the mother coun- 

 try much greater. 



Algeria has at the head of the administration a 

 civil governor-general, who receives instructions 

 from the various ministries. M. Lepine was ap- 

 pointed to this office on Oct. 2, 1897. The popula- 

 tion of the civil territory in 1896 was 3,873,278 and 

 of the military districts 556,143; total, 4,429,421, 

 not including about 50,000 nomads of the Algerian 

 Sahara. The population included 318,137 French- 

 men and 446,343 foreigners. The revenue for 1898 

 was estimated at 52,037,152 francs, of which 11,- 

 915,507 francs come from direct taxes, 7,763,800 

 francs from registration and stamps, 11,999,000 

 francs from customs, 5,435,120 francs from monop- 

 olies, 3.253,100 francs from domains and forests, 

 and 7,972,320 francs from various sources, while 

 3,698,305 francs are recettes d'ordre. The total ex- 

 penditures are set down as 71 ; 147.857 francs, of 

 which 502,250 francs are for finance, 3,583,920 

 francs for justice and worship, 23,539,794 francs for 

 the interior, 5,060,583 francs for instruction, 22,041- 

 000 francs for public works, 15,379,510 francs for 

 regie, and 1,040,800 francs for repayments. The 

 special troops recruited and trained for the defense 

 of Algeria from the Nineteenth Army Corps, which 

 is composed of 2 foreign legions, 3* regiments of 

 zouaves, 3 regiments of tirailleurs, 3 battalions of 

 light infantry, 3 discipline companies, 5 regiments 

 of chasseurs d'Afrique, 3 regiments of spahis, 3 

 companies of remount cavalry, 12 batteries of field 

 artillery, 3 companies of engineers, 9 companies of 

 train, a recruiting section, and the staff, number- 

 ing in all 2,917 officers and 53,714 men. 



Of the total population 3,482,358 were engaged in 

 agriculture in 1895, including 205,642 Europeans. 

 The yield of hard wheat in 1896 was 5,828,857 

 quintals; of soft wheat, 1,242,114; of barley, 8,412,- 

 263 ; of wine, 4,350,120 hectolitres; of alfa, 385,484 

 quintals ; of cork, 22,073 ; of tobacco, 5,720,360 kilo- 

 grammes. Olives, dates, flax, colza, and ramie are 

 also produced. The mines in 1895 produced 94,200 

 tons of iron ore and 14,143 tons of zinc and lead 

 ore. The quantity of phosphate taken out was 

 156,857 tons. The total value of the general im- 

 ports in 1896 was 275,798,959 francs, of which 217,- 



The number of vessels entered from French and 

 foreign ports in 1896 was 1,654, of 895,618 tons, of 

 which 338, of 101,089 tons, were French ; cleared, 

 1,641, of 878,212 tons. Of coasting vessels. 7,836, of 

 1,378,950 tons, were entered. The merchant ma- 

 rine belonging to Algeria on Jan 1, 1897, comprised 

 644 sailing vessels, of 6,764 tons, and 60 steamers, 

 of 7,202 tons. The length of railroads in operation 

 in 1897 was 2,156 miles. The telegraph lines had a 

 length of 5,025 miles, with 10,671 miles of wire. 

 The number of dispatches in 1895 was 1,574,948, of 

 which 1.473,402 were internal, 50,022 foreign, and 

 71,524 official. 



Tunis was declared a French protectorate by the 

 treaty of Kasr-es-Said, concluded on May 12, 1881. 

 The French Minister Resident superseded the au- 

 thority of the Bey, and French judges took the 

 place of the consular courts in 1884. The army of 

 occupation, numbering 13,458 officers and men in 

 1898, is maintained at the cost of the republic. The 

 present Bey, Sidi Ali, born Oct. 5, 1817, succeeded 

 to the throne on Oct. 28, 1882. The Resident Gen- 

 eral is R. P. Millet. Including the military, there 

 were 26,678 French in 1896. The imports in 1896 

 were 46,444,548 francs in total value, and the ex- 

 ports 34,507,532 francs. Of the imports 25,563,000 

 francs were from France, 5,284,000 francs from 

 Italy, 3,832,000 francs from Great Britain, 2,483,- 

 000 francs from Malta, and 2,012,000 francs from 

 Russia. The chief exports were wheat for about 

 9,000,000 francs ; olive oil, 4,000,000 francs ; barley, 

 3,000,000 francs; cattle, 2,000.000 francs; wine, 

 1.500,000 francs; alfa, 1,500,000 francs; sponges, 

 1,200,000 francs. During 1896 there were entered at 

 Tunisian ports 8,389 vessels, of 1,805.814 tons, of 

 which 1,237, of 846,718 tons, were French ; 2,215, 

 of 712,700 tons, Italian ; and 115, of 113,374 tons, 

 British. The commercial marine numbered 403 

 vessels. The length of railroads in operation was 

 883 miles, all belonging to the Government except 

 17 miles. The telegraph lines had a length of 

 2,060 miles, with 3,670 miles of wire. The number 

 of internal letters sent through the post office in 

 1895 was 2,899,692 ; of foreign letters, 8,099,208. 



The French empire in India was reduced after 

 the Napoleonic wars to the port of Pondichery and 

 four other towns with the surrounding districts, 

 covering an aggregate area of 200 square miles, and 

 having a total population on Jan. 1, 1896. of 286.- 

 913. The expenditure of France in 1898 was 322,- 



