292 



GERMANY. 



posts and telegraphs amount to 314,683,150 marks, 

 and expenses to 273,726,908 marks; the gross re- 

 ceipts of the imperial printing office to 6,317,000 

 marks, aii-1 expenses to 4,770,841 marks; the gross 

 railroad receipts to 70.431,000 marks, and expenses 

 to 45.052,600 marks. There was a surplus of 12,107,- 

 C!M> marks remaining over from 1897. 



Tin- total imperial expenditure for 1898 was esti- 

 mated at 1,307,576,000 marks, of which 1,168,210,500 

 marks are the ordinary recurring expenditures and 

 139,365,500 marks non-recurring and extraordinary 

 expenditures. Of the recurring expenditures 658,200 

 marks arc for the Keiclistai;. 159,200 marks for the 

 Imperial Chancellery, 10.961.600 marks for the Min- 

 istry of Foreign Affairs, 36,712,200 marks for the 

 Ministry of tin- Interior, 486,409,000 marks for the 

 army. 58,925.300 marks for the navy, 1,981,000 marks 

 for the Ministry of Justice, 409,151,300 marks for 

 the imperial treasury, 357,000 marks for the rail- 

 road office. 76,191,300 marks for the debt of the 

 empire. 7 KI..-><H) marks for the audit office, 57,459,400 

 marks for the Pension fund, and 28,504,500 marks 

 for the Invalid fund. The total expenditure for 

 the army is 539,973,000 marks, and for the navy 

 116,974.<iOO marks, including 97,936,355 marks of 

 extraordinary expenses for the array and 58.094,968 

 marks for the navy. Of the other extraordinary 

 expenditures 8,440,000 marks were for railroads, 

 8,434.520 marks for foreign affairs, 8,297,828 marks 

 for posts and telegraphs, and 9,298,377 marks for 

 the Invalid fund. Of the feleral contributions 

 for 1898 Prussia pays 243,490,000 marks, Bavaria 

 54,237.000 marks, Saxony 28,931,000 marks, Wiir- 

 temberg 19,047,000 marks, Baden 14,391,000 marks, 

 Alsace-Lorraine 13,692,000 marks, Hesse 7,942,000 

 marks, and the smaller states and free cities in pro- 

 portion. 



The debt of the empire on March 31, 1896, 

 amounted to 2,245,273,100 marks, of which 450,- 

 000,000 marks were borrowed at the rate of 4 per 

 cent, per annum, 790.000,000 marks at 3| per cent., 

 and 885,355,100 marks of old debts paying 3 per 

 cent, were refunded at 3 per cent., and new obliga- 

 tions emitted since 1890 at 3 per cent. 



The Invalid fund on March 31, 1896, amounted 

 to 447,708,993 marks. The war treasure of 120,- 

 000,000 marks is hoarded in gold at Spandau. 



The following table gives, in marks, the budgets 

 and debts of the different states for 1898 or, in the 

 case of a few, for 1897 : 



Against the debts must be offset the productive 

 state property for which they were mainly incurred. 



fully covering the debt of Alsace-Lorraine, Baden, 

 Bavaria, Bremen, Hamburg, Meckleuburg-Schwe- 

 rin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Oldenburg, Saxe-Coburg, 

 Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Weimar, and Wurtemberg, 

 and amounting to 5,535,622 marks in Anhalt, 42,- 

 000,000 marks in Brunswick, 154,100.000 marks in 

 Hesse, 5,544,120 marks in Saxe-Altenburg, and 838,-- 

 403,742 marks in Saxony. 



The Army. By the law of Aug. 3, 1893, which 

 continues in force till the end of the fiscal year, 

 1899, the average peace strength of the imperial 

 army is 479,229 men, exclusive of volunteers of 

 officers and of surgeons, paymasters, and other non- 

 combatants. The number of young men arriving 

 at the age of twenty every year is about 400,000, of 

 whom 10 per cent, are unfit for service by reason of 

 physical or moral defects, or are lost by emigration, 

 or join the army as volunteers. Of those who are 

 available, men enough are drawn by lot to fill up 

 the ranks of the active army, in which they servo 

 two years, except in the cavalry and horse artillery, 

 in which the term of active service is three years. 

 The one-year volunteers, numbering about 8,000, aro 

 not counted in the budget strength of the regular 

 army, which for 1898 was as follows : 215 regiments 

 of infantry, numbering 12,048 officers and 363,1 13 

 men ; 19 battalions of rifles, 410 officers and 12,OU! 

 men ; 288 depots, 797 officers and 5,478 men ; 2,68- : 

 surgeons, instructors, etc., making the total infantry 

 13,255 officers and 383,288 men ; 93 regiments o ! 

 cavalry, 2,375 officers and 65,688 men, exclusive o:! 

 823 officers and men on special service; 43 regi- 

 ments of field artillery, 2,671 officers and 57,997 

 men, exclusive of 810 officers and men on special 

 service ; 17 regiments and 1 battalion of foot artil- 

 lery, 869 officers and 22,734 men, exclusive of 132 

 officers and men on special service ; 23 battalions of 

 pioneers, 2 balloon detachments, 3 regiments of 

 railroad troops, 1 railroad battalion, and 3 railroad 

 companies, 738 officers and 19,086 men, exclusive of 

 126 on special service ; 21 battalions of train, 310 

 officers and 7,750 men, exclusive of 69 on special 

 service ; special formations containing 506 officers 

 and 3,570 men ; and 2,364 non-regimental officers, 

 with 279 men, making the total strength on the 

 peace footing 23,088 officers and 562,352 men. with 

 97,850 horses. The battalion in the German army 

 has a normal peace strength of 544 men, and in war 

 is raised by calling in a part of the reserves to 1,002 

 men. There are 494 field batteries, including 47 

 mounted batteries, each consisting in time of peace 

 of 4 and in war of 6 guns. Every one of the 21 

 corps d'armee can be mobilized independently, as it 

 includes troops of all arms, auxiliary services, and 

 all the stores and equipments necessary for action 

 as a separate army. 



The Navy. The effective navy on Jan. 1, 1- 

 consisted of 6 first-class, 4 second-class, and 6 third- 

 class battle ships, 19 armored gun vessels and oM 

 ironclads suitable for coast defense, 2 first-class and 

 6 second-class cruisers, 11 lookout ships, and 105 

 first-class and 9 second-class torpedo craft. Besides 

 these a battle ship of the first class, 2 cruisers, a 

 lookout ship, and 6 destroyers were building. 



The personnel of the navy at the beginning ft 

 1898 consisted of 1.014 officers and engineers. 5,389 

 petty officers, 16,778 seamen, and 222 surgeons, 

 paymasters, and gunsmiths, making the total nun - 

 bef of men 23,403. 



Commerce and Production. The produ< ' 

 of wheat in 1897 was 3,008,385 metric tons; of r\". 

 7.232.320; of barley, 2,317,334; of oats. 4.!Mis.-j;-. : 

 of buckwheat. 95.205; of potatoes, 2!>,27S.i:52: of 

 sugar beets, 12,616,432; of other beets and turnip*. 

 10.526,403; of hops, 25,325; of wine. 5.050.M s 

 hectolitres. The quantities of minerals produced 

 in 1896 were 85,639,900 tons of coal, 26,797,900 of 



