GERMANY. 



293 



lignite, 14,162,300 of iron ore, 729,900 of zinc ore, 

 154,700 of lead ore, 717,300 of copper ore, 755,800 of 

 rock salt, 1,780,400 of potassic salt, and 286,600 of 

 other products. Of pig iron 5,464.501 tons were 

 produced in 1895; of zinc, 150,286 tons; of lead, 

 111,058 tons ; of copper, 25,777 ; of silver, 392 ; of 

 tin, 884; of sulphur and sulphuric acid, 539,989; of 

 gold, 3,547 kilogrammes; of nickel, bismuth, and 

 other products, 30,809 tons : of manufactured iron, 

 6,193,480 tons. There were 1,537,522 tons of raw 

 sugar and 328,463 tons of molasses produced in 

 1896 from 11,672,816 tons of beet root. The beer 

 brewed amounted to 37,733,000 hectolitres in the im- 

 perial excise district, 16,034,000 in Bavaria, 3,885,- 

 000 in Wurtemberg, 1,914,000 in Baden, and 997,000 

 in Alsace-Lorraine ; total, 60,563,000 hectolitres. 

 The production of alcohol was 3,334,000 hectolitres. 



The special imports in 1896 into the imperial 

 customs territory, which contains 52,485,807 in- 

 habitants, and includes Luxemburg and two com- 

 munes in Austria, but does not include the free 

 ports reserved in Hamburg and Bremen nor cer- 

 tain petty districts in Prussia and Baden, were 

 valued at 4,557,951,000 marks, and the special ex- 

 ports at 3,753,822,000 marks. The imports of live 

 animals were 157,749,000 marks, and exports 23,- 

 951,000 marks; imports of animal products, 117,- 

 498,000 marks, and exports 26,361,000 marks; im- 

 ports of articles of consumption, 1,324,266,000 marks, 

 and exports 426,752,000 marks ; imports of seeds 

 and plants, 53,237,000 marks, and exports 32,500,- 

 000 marks ; imports of fuel, 116,854,000 marks, and 

 exports 165,157,000 marks; imports of fats and 

 oils, 245,395,000 marks, and exports 31,656.000 

 marks ; imports of chemicals, drugs, and dyes, 

 284,225,000 marks, and exports 360,743,000 marks ; 

 imports of stone, clay, and glass, 64,014,000 marks, 

 and exports 155,005,000 marks ; imports of metals 

 and metal manufactures, 471,500,000 marks, and 

 exports 658,929,000 marks ; imports of wood manu- 

 factures, 274,173,000 marks, and exports 124,550- 

 000 marks ; imports of paper and paper manufac- 

 tures, 21,776,000 marks, and exports 106,985,000 

 marks; imports of leather and leather manufac- 

 tures, 211,353,000 marks, and exports 216,480,000 

 marks ; imports of textile materials and manufac- 

 tures, 1,040,828,000 marks, and exports 957,422,000 

 marks ; imports of rubber and rubber manufac- 

 tures, 45,639,000 marks, and exports 31,916,000 

 marks ; imports of machinery and instruments, 

 69.888,000 marks, and exports 212,656,000 marks; 

 imports of hardware, etc., 18,495,000 marks, and 

 exports 100,854,000 marks ; imports of works of 

 literature and art, 41,061,000 marks, and exports 

 120,727,000 marks; various other exports, 1,178,000 

 marks. The imports of horses were 73,594,000 

 marks in value; of hogs, 6,873,000 marks; of 

 wheat, 197,943,000 marks ; of rye, 85,491,000 marks ; 

 of barley. 108,850,000 marks ; "of coffee, 189,294,000 

 marks; of petroleum, 57,481,000 marks; of hides, 

 114,775,000 marks; of raw cotton, 238.810,000 

 marks; of wool, 237,125,000 marks; of woolen 

 yarn, 114.084.000 marks; of raw silk, 83.567,000 

 marks. The exports of sugar were 236,352,000 

 marks: of coal and coke, 157.882,000 marks; of 

 hops, 19.556,000 marks; of aniline colors, 64,932,- 

 000 marks; of wooden wares, 57,517,000 marks; 

 of paper, 67,364,000 marks ; of leather goods, 77,- 

 268,000 marks ; of coarse cottons, 62,869,000 marks; 

 of mixed silk and cotton cloth, 98.327,000 marks; 

 of woolen cloth, 149,904,000 marks ; of hosiery, 92,- 

 185,000 marks ; of haberdashery, 121,499,000 marks. 

 Of the total imports in 1896 the value of 2,336,369.- 



K) marks paid duties, and the value of 2,221,582,- 

 000 marks was free of duty. The gold and silver 

 imports in 1896 were 233.552,000 marks, and the 

 exports 227,989,000 marks. 



The participation of the different countries in 

 the commerce of the German customs union in 

 1896 is shown in the following table, giving, in 

 marks, the values of the imports from and of the 

 exports to each country : 



The Prussian Minister of Finance on Jan. 30, 

 1898, issued an order prohibiting on sanitary 

 grounds the importation of fresh fruits from the 

 United States. The ostensible cause for this in- 

 terdict, which was suspected to be a protectionist 

 measure for the benefit of German fruit-growers 

 and a retaliation for the differential duty placed 

 on sugar from bounty-paying countries, was the 

 discovery of the San Jose scale in a consignment 

 of Californian pears. Negotiations were carried on 

 with foreign governments during 1898 for new 

 commercial treaties. The Anglo-German treaty, 

 which the British Government had denounced in 

 order to secure preferential treatment for British 

 goods from Canada, expired on July 30, 1898. In 

 accordance with a special law enacted on May 11, a 

 modus vivendi was proclaimed for one year, accord- 

 ing most-favored-nation treatment to imports from 

 the United Kingdom and from British colonies and 

 possessions which do not impose heavier duties on 

 German than on British goods. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered at 

 German ports during 1895 was 66,688, of 15,183,222 

 tons, of which 57,436, of 14,225,271 tons, were with 

 cargoes and 9,252, of 957,951 tons, in ballast, The 

 total number cleared was 67,142, of 15,285,527 tons, 

 of which 49,948, of 10,227,895 tons, were with car- 

 goes and 17,194, of 5,057,632 tons, in ballast. There 

 were 41,287 German ships, of 7,340,252 tons, en- 

 tered with cargoes and 7,121, of 566,789 tons, in 

 ballast, and 16,149 foreign ships, of 6,885,019 tons, 

 entered with cargoes and 2.131, of 391,162 tons, in 

 ballast. Of the total number cleared 38,803. of 

 6,505,186 tons, were German and 11,145, of 3,722,- 

 709 tons, foreign ships carrying cargoes and 10,164, 

 of 1,526,031 tons, German and 7,030, of 3,531,601 

 tons, foreign ships in ballast. Of the foreign ships 

 entered with cargoes 5,462, of 4,581,352 tons, were 

 British; 4,638, of 748,619 tons, Danish ; 3.053, of 

 599,122 tons, Swedish ; 1,312, of 206,593 tons, Dutch; 

 948, of 391,906 tons, Norwegian, and 510, of 168,152 

 tons, Russian. Of the number cleared with cargoes 

 3,017, of 2.017,222 tons, were British ; 4,232, of 633,- 

 983 tons, Danish ; 1,807, of 409.884 tons. Swedish ; 

 1.011, of 182,001 tons, Dutch; 632, of 246,940 tons, 

 Norwegian, and 281, of 93,528 tons, Russian. 



The merchant navy of Germany on Jan. 1, 1897, 

 comprised 2,552 sailing vessels, of 597,617 tons, and 

 1,126 steamers, of 889,960 tons. Of the sailing ves- 

 sels 509, of 76,703 tons, belonged to Baltic and 

 2,043, of 520,914 tons, to North Sea ports, and of 



