ITALY. 



343 



tnercial companies and banks, 37,500,000 lire from 

 succession duties. 6,800,000 lire from mortmain 

 revenues, 7,300,000 lire from the duty on mort- 

 gages, 7,250,000 lire from various concessions, and 

 675,000 lire from consular fees; from customs, 

 monopolies, and excise, 672,615,000 lire, including 

 188,250,000 lire from the tobacco monopoly, 74,000,- 

 000 lire from salt, 48,000,000 lire from duties on the 

 manufacture of beer, spirits, mineral waters, gun- 

 powder, and sugar, 65,500,000 lire from the lottery, 

 51,865,000 lire from excise duties, and 245,000,000 

 lire from customs; from public services, 89,711,600 

 lire, including 55.000,000 lire from the post office, 

 14,500,000 lire from telegraphs, 1,400,000 lire from 

 the cadastral survey, 2,500,000 lire from assay 

 stamps, 7,200,000 lire 'from scholastic fees, 5,408,000 

 lire from prisons, 1,460,000 lire from fines, and 

 2,243,600 lire from various services; from repay- 

 ments, 22,263,184 lire ; from various departments, 

 20,342,500 lire ; from rents of domains, 15,510,555 

 lire ; from interest on invested funds, 18,913,388 

 lire; from communal contributions of Rome and 

 Maples, 27,950,947 lire; miscellaneous receipts, 

 from railroad construction account, 565,465 lire ; 

 effective extraordinary receipts, 9,858,046 lire; 

 from sales of domains, 1,907,172 lire ; from sales of 

 ecclesiastical lands. 2,810,000 lire ; from redemption 

 of lands, 325,500 lire ; from sales of property, etc.. 

 9,217,842 lire ; from recovery of debts, 4,000,000 lire ; 

 miscellaneous extraordinary receipts, 6,646,350 lire. 

 The expenditures were 474,593,831 lire for interest 

 on the consolidated debt ; 61,498,696 lire for ex- 

 tinguishable debts ; 26,802,676 lire for the annuity 

 for the purchase of the railroads of upper Italy ; 

 118,407,646 lire for interest on floating debt, includ- 

 ing 16,594,194 lire on Treasury bonds, 15,557,000 

 lire due to railroad companies, 82,262,452 lire on 

 railroad guarantees, and 3,994,000 lire on accounts 

 current ; 16,050,000 lire for civil list and appan- 

 ages ; 5,720,000 lire for pensions ; 2,201,200 lire for 

 the Senate and Chamber of Deputies ; 9,654,984 lire 

 for general expenses of the Ministry of the Treas- 

 ury ; 1,001,260 lire for various services ; 3,500,000 

 lire for a reserve for unforeseen expenses ; 18,913,- 

 387 lire for the service of the amortizable debt 

 2,695,986 lire for interest, etc. ; 37,660,794 lire for 

 extraordinary expenditures of the Ministry of the 

 Treasury ; 28,724,917 lire for administration of the 

 Ministry of Finance and the cadastral survey ; 149,- 

 540,622 "lire for the cost of collecting revenues, 

 monopolies, lottery, etc. ; 3,470,910 lire for extraor- 

 dinary expenditures of the Finance Ministry ; 12,- 

 830,000 lire for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 

 12,797,930 lire for ordinary, and 23,000 lire for ex- 

 traordinary purposes ; 40^200,718 lire for the Min- 

 istry of Grace and Justice, 40,175,798 lire for ordi- 

 nary and 24,920 line for extraordinary purposes; 45,- 

 064,889 lire for the Ministry of Education, 44,625,844 

 lire for ordinary and 439,045 lire for extraordinary 

 purposes ; 66.198,946 lire for the Ministry of the 

 Interior, 64,198,946 lire for ordinary and 2,329,097 

 lire for extraordinary purposes ; 75,142,641 lire for 

 the Ministry of Public Works, 27,978,423 lire for 

 ordinary and 47,164,218 lire for extraordinary pur- 

 poses ; 60,149,045 lire for the Ministry of Posts and 

 Telegraphs, 60,089,029 lire for ordinary and 60,016 

 lire for extraordinary purposes ; 279,344,783 lire for 

 the Ministry of War, 263,306,783 lire for ordinary 

 and 16,038,000 lire for extraordinary purposes ; 105,- 

 963,646 lire for the Ministry of Marine, 101,843,646 

 lire for ordinary and 4,120,000 lire for extraordin- 

 ary purposes; 11,367,523 lire for the Ministry of 

 Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry, 9,139,838 lire 

 for ordinary and 2,227,685 lire for extraordinary 

 purposes. The total expenditure on account of the 

 debt in 1898 was 589,519,598 lire for interest and 

 3,487,048 lire for amortization. 



The Army. The military forces consist of 96 

 regiments of infantry, including 2 regiments of 

 grenadiers, each formed of three battalions of 4 

 companies, the strength of the regiment being 54 

 officers and 1,374 men, besides a depot of 5 officers 

 and 31 men ; 12 regiments of bersuglieri, each hav- 

 ing a complement of 53 officers and 1,346 men, with 

 a depot ; 7 regiments of alpine troops, comprising 

 22 battalions, containing 75 companies, each regi- 

 ment having its depot ; 24 regiments of cavalry, of 

 6 squadrons, including 10 regiments of lancers, each 

 regiment containing 36 officers and 1,008 men, be- 

 sides a depot of 7 officers and 60 men, with 4 addi- 

 tional depots for remounts; 24 regiments of field ar- 

 tillery, the 12 regiments of corps artillery having 2 

 brigades of 4 batteries, one with 6-centimetre and the 

 other 7-centimetre guns, while the 12 regiments of 

 divisional artillery have both brigades armed with 

 9-centimetre guns and only 1 company of train, in- 

 stead of 2 companies, every regiment having its 

 depot ; 1 regiment of horse artillery, consisting of 

 6 batteries of 6 guns, with 4 companies of train and 

 a depot; 11 brigades of fortress artillery and 11 of 

 coast artillery, with 5 companies of artificers and 1 

 of veterans ; 5 regiments of engineers, 2 of which 

 consist each of 12 companies of sappers, with 2 com- 

 panies of train and a depot, 1 of 8 companies of pon- 

 tonniers, besides 2 companies for lagoons, with 3 

 companies of train and a depot, 1 regiment of 12 

 companies of telegraphists and 2 companies of spe- 

 cialists for carrier pigeons, electric lighting, signal 

 service, balloon service, etc., with 2 companies of 

 train and a depot, and 1 brigade of 6 companies of 

 railroad troops: 11 legions of carbineers, or gen- 

 darmes, comprising 43 divisions, and numbering 

 about 3,900 mounted men and 21,000 foot, with 1 

 legion in training and a depot; 12 companies of 

 sanitary troops, 12 of commissary, 1 company of in- 

 valid, and 12 companies of disciplinary troops. 

 The peace effectives in 1898 were 290 officers of the 

 general staff, 8,017 officers and 143,750 men in the 

 infantry, 960 officers and 23,590 men in the cavalry, 

 1,739 officers and 34.980 men in the field artillery, 

 597 officers and 8,969 men in the engineers, 585 

 officers and 2,593 men in the sanitary corps, 325 

 officers and 2,036 men in the commissary corps. 1,183 

 administrative officers, 551 officers and 23,945 men 

 in the carbineers, 1,388 men in the military 

 schools, and 191 officers in the veterinary service ; 

 total, 14,438 officers and 241,151 men, with 49,304 

 horses and mules. The war strength was 36,425 

 officers, 241,151 men of the permanent army with 

 the colors, as enumerated above, 501,527 men of 

 the permanent army on leave, 349,204 men in the 

 mobile militia, and 296,386 men in the territorial 

 militia, making a total of 1,424,693 men of all 

 ranks. This does not include the second category, 

 numbering 368,898 men who have only had from 

 two to six months of training, nor does it include 

 1,506,774 men who are in the third category, who 

 have had practically no instruction. 



The Navy. The Italian navy in 1898 comprised 

 12 battle ships of the first class. 2 of the second, 6 

 of the third, 5 of the fourth, 9 of the fifth, 13 of the 

 sixth, and 3 of the seventh ; 6 torpedo craft of the 

 first class, 94 of the second. 38 of the third, and 6 

 of the fourth ; 2 auxiliary vessels of the first class, 8 

 of the second, 11 of the third, and 18 of the fourth ; 

 30 vessels for post service, 24 tugs, 9 dredging ves- 

 sels, 6 gunboats for the lagoons, 16 torpedo launches, 

 2 submarine boats, and 8 auxiliary cruisers. There 

 were building 3 first-class battle ships, 2 armored 

 cruisers, and 1 protected cruiser, and 4 torpedo 

 boats had been ordered. The navy was manned by 

 1,546 officers, 18,174 seamen, marines, firemen, gun- 

 ners, mechanics, etc., on the fleet and 5,455 on the 

 shore ; total, 25,175 officers and men. 



