KENTUCKY. 



KITCHENER, HORATIO HERBERT. 357 



Senate. It was vetoed by the Governor, and was 

 passed over the veto. The Legislature elected the 

 board under the provisions of the bill ; but the 

 Auditor, under advice of the Attorney-General, re- 

 fused to recognize it by honoring its bill for office 

 supplies. The law was attacked before the Court 

 of Appeals in November as being unconstitutional, 

 since it made material changes in an existing law 

 without re-enacting and publishing the law as 

 amended ; as contrary to the principles of a repub- 

 lican government ; as destroying local self-govern- 

 ment ; as concentrating power so that one man 

 might have full control ; and as corrupt and dis- 

 honest in purpose. The court decided that the law 

 does not conflict with the State constitution, by a 

 vote of the four Democratic against the three Re- 

 publican justices. 



Another important measure was one providing 

 for the taxation of franchises and intangible prop- 

 erty of corporations, not including railroads, by 

 cities of the first and second classes ; the value is 

 to be estimated by taking that of the "tangible prop- 

 erty from the capital stock. Shares of stock held 

 by individual owners are exempt. All taxes against 

 railroads are to be assessed by the State Railroad 

 Commissioners. Many corporations resisted the en- 

 forcement of the law taxing their intangible stock, 

 and indictments were found against 120 of the com- 

 panies so resisting. 



An act that was passed over the veto of the Gov- 

 ernor provides that any foreign corporation engaged 

 in the business of collecting and furnishing news to 

 periodicals must, as a condition for operating in 

 Kentucky, furnish its news to any or all newspapers 

 in the State without discrimination in charges. 



It was provided by another act that the prisons, 

 which have been under control of the Sinking Fund 

 Commissioners, shall be placed in charge of a board 

 of three Prison Commissioners to be chosen by the 

 Legislature, and to receive $2,000 a year and their 

 traveling expenses. The validity of this law was 

 disputed before the courts. 



A bill was passed, but was vetoed, giving the Rail- 

 road Commissioners power to fix the freight rates of 

 railroad companies in the State. 



A law requiring the Louisville authorities to take 

 the school census annually, instead of once in five 

 years as heretofore, was declared unconstitutional 

 by the Court of Common Pleas. 



The law to protect rights of owners of marked 

 bottles and other receptacles for beverages was so 

 amended as to make it apply to those used for medi- 

 cines, perfumery, and other compounds. 



A law regarding testimony provides that a hus- 

 band acting as agent for his wife, or a wife for her 

 husband, may testify concerning such agency. A 

 person may testify for himself against another who 

 is before the court only by. constructive service of 

 the summons ; prisoners in the Penitentiary are 

 competent witnesses, and may be testified against ; 

 and the provision that permits one party to compel 

 the adverse party to testify as any other witness was 

 repealed. 



Cities of the second class may take or buy turn- 

 pikes controlled by private companies. 



The State University may establish a course in 

 mining engineering ; the dean of the school is to act 

 as inspector of mines, and to analyze mineral prod- 

 ucts that may be sent to him for the purpose. 



Other enactments were : 



Providing a penalty for dispensing intoxicating 

 beverages in local-option districts. 



Repealing the provision relative to the penalty 

 when judgment is confessed for unlawful use of 

 deadly weapons. 



Allowing outstanding bonds of school districts to 

 be refunded. 



Providing that in cases of contests over election 

 of Governor or Lieutenant Governor, a special board 

 shall be drawn by lot from the Legislature to ex- 

 amine. 



Imposing a penalty for manufacturing or selling 

 food or drink, excepting liquors, for men, horses, or 

 cattle, which is adulterated or falsely marked. The 

 director of the agricultural experiment station is to 

 make the analyses and enforce the law. 



Providing that at least one woman physician 

 shall be employed in insane hospitals that have 

 women among the patients. 



Amending the law regarding the practice of 

 pharmacy and the sale of poisons. 



Forbidding employers of miners to coerce them 

 to buy at any store, and regulating monthly pay- 

 ments of wages. 



Amending the law in regard to trust companies 

 so as to require a capital stock of $25,000 instead 

 of $15,000 in counties of less than 25,000 inhabit- 

 ants. 



Allowing children of slave marriages to inherit 

 their parents' property. 



Prohibiting the practice of medicine without a 

 certificate from the State Board of Health. 



Laws in Court. The constitutionality of the 

 law requiring separate coaches on railroad trains 

 for the use of negroes was upheld by a decision of 

 the Court of Appeals in October. 



The general laws regulating government of cities 

 according to their respective classes were declared 

 unconstitutional so far as they authorize circuit 

 courts to transfer a town or city from one class to 

 another, that power belonging, according to the 

 constitution, to the Legislature alone. 



Political. Congressional elections weae held in 

 November, the result giving 9 of the 11 districts 

 to the Democrats, and the other 2 to the Repub- 

 licans. 



In the Third District J. P. Hobson, Democrat, 

 was elected Justice of the Court of Appeals, over 

 W. W. Jones, Republican. 



The total election figures for the State were given 

 as follows: Democratic vote, 125,463; Republican, 

 116,329 ; Prohibition, 6,367. 



KITCHENER, Sir HORATIO HERBERT, 

 Baron Kitchener of Khartoum and Aspall, born in 

 1851. His father was the late Lieut.-Col. Henry 

 Horatio Kitchener (Thirteenth Light Dragoons), of 

 Ossington f Leicestershire, and his mother, Anne 

 Frances, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Chevallier, of 

 Aspall Hall, Suffolk. After receiving his education 

 at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, he en- 

 tered the army in 1871 as a lieutenant in the Royal 

 Engineers. Three years later he accompanied Capt. 

 Conder and assisted him in the survey of western 

 Palestine. After a year's work he returned to Eng- 

 land, and for three years (1875-'78) was engaged upon 

 the Palestine exploration map. In 1878 he went back 

 to Palestine and carried out the survey of Galilee. 

 Having finished this, he was sent to Cyprus to or- 

 ganize the new land courts, and after a short absence 

 (1879-'80), during which he resided at Erzeroum as 

 vice-consul of Anatolia, he returned to the island 

 and surveyed it. After eight years of civil employ- 

 ment he resumed his military career by volunteering 

 for service in the Egyptian army, now in process of 

 formation by Sir Evelyn Wood,'and was appointed 

 one of the two majors "of cavalry. His first impor- 

 tant piece of work in Egypt was performed at 

 Debbeh, where as quartermaster general and deputy 

 assistant adjutant he did his utmost to keep open 

 communications with Gordon at Khartoum for the 

 expedition which vainly tried to rescue him in the 

 autumn of 1884. In the following year he acted as 

 commissioner for the delimitation of Zanzibar, which 

 had just been placed under the British protectorate. 



