386 



LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1898. 



L. Temple, and " Reminiscences of Irish Life and 

 Character " were published by Michael Macdouagh. 

 John Atkinson Hobson studied "John Ruskin as a 

 Social Reformer," and Edwin Hodder made a simi- 

 lar study of "The Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury." 

 Henry K Irving attempted a justification of the 

 - I ,i ft" of .1 udge Jeffreys. In the " Great Educators 

 ' Series " we had " Rousseau and Education According 

 to Nature," by Thomas Davidson. From George 

 R. Parkin we had two instructive volumes devoted 

 to the life, diary, and letters of " Edward Thring, 

 Headmaster of Uppingham School," and "The Life 

 of Henry Mnrlcy" was written by his son-in-law, 

 Henry Simon Silly. "The Life and Letters of 

 Lewis Carroll (Rev.'C. L. Dodgson) " came from his 

 nophow, S. D. Collingwood. To religious biography 

 belongs "The Life of Henry Drummond," by 

 George Adam Smith, and " The Ideal Life," a vol- 

 ume of addresses by Drummond, hitherto unpub- 

 lished, also contained memorial sketches by Ian 

 Madaren and William Robertson Nicoll. Vol. 1 

 of " The Autobiography of Charles H. Spurgeon," 

 compiled from his diary, letters, and records, by 

 his wife and his private secretary, covered the pe- 

 riod from 1834 to 1854: " The Life Work of Edward 

 White Benson, D. D.," the late Archbishop of Can- 

 terbury, was reviewed in unpretentious fashion by 

 J. A. Carr ; Canon Kawnsley contributed a " Mem- 

 oir of Henry Whitehead, 1825-1896"; "Joseph 

 Arch: The Story of His Life Told by Himself," 

 was edited with a preface by the Countess of War- 

 wick ; " Bishop Walsham How " was the subject of 

 a memoir by his son. F. D. How; another son, A. 

 W. W. Dale, wrote " The Life of R. W. Dale, of Bir- 

 mingham," and " Henry Robert Reynolds, D. D. : 

 His Life and Letters," was edited by his sisters. A 

 new series of " Heroes of the Reformation " was in- 

 augurated with " Martin Luther," by Dr. H. Eyster 

 Jacobs, the succeeding volume being given to 

 " Philip Melanchthon, the Protestant Preceptor of 

 Germany " by James W. Richard. " St. Thomas of 

 Canterbury: His Death and Miracles," were the 

 theme of Edwin A. Abbott, and " The Life of 

 Saint Hugh of Lincoln " was written by Herbert 

 Thurston, S. J. Four " Historic Nuns " were com- 

 memorated by Bessie R. Belloc. " Kings of the 

 Hunting Field" was the title of memoirs and anec- 

 dotes of distinguished masters of the hounds and 

 other celebrities of the chase, by Thormanby; 

 "Reminiscences of the Course, the Camp, the 

 Chase " came from " a gentleman rider," Col. R. F. 

 Mevsev-Thompson, and " Reminiscences of Frank 

 Gillard and the Belvoir Hounds," edited by Cuth- 

 bert Bradley, were fully illustrated. A series of bi- 

 ographies of "The Royal Household" during the 

 sixty years of the Queen's reign was the work of W. 

 A. Lindsay. Vols. LIV. LV, LVI. and L VII, of 

 the "Dictionary of National Biography," edited 

 by Sidney Lee, reached " Tom-Tytler. 



EsHayg. In England there is complaint that this 

 form of writing, admittedly one of the most delight- 

 ful in literature, seems to be going out of fashion. 

 Not many important volumes are to be recorded in 

 18U8, but under this head are included many books 

 of general literature. Two volumes of "Studies of 

 a Biographer " were contributed by Leslie Stephen, 

 in reality a collection of essays; "Affirmations," 

 by Henry Havelock Ellis, was a series of essays on 

 Nietsche, Casanova, Zola, and others; "Angels' 

 Wings" was the title of others on art and its rela- 

 tion to life, by Edward Carpenter; "Essays at 

 Eventide " came from Thomas Newbigging ; " Stud- 

 ies^in Little-known Subjects," from C. E. Plumptre ; 

 Essays, Mock Essays, and Character Sketches" 

 were reprinted from the "Journal of Education," 

 with original contributions by the Hon. Lionel A. 

 Tollemachc and others; and "Reviews and Essays 



in English Literature" were from the pen of Rev. 

 Duncan C. Tovey. Henry Austin Dobson was rep- 

 resented by "Miscellanies," W. Basil Worsf old ex- 

 pounded " The Principles of Criticism," "A Short 

 History of English Literature" was written by 

 George Saintsbury, and Stopford A. Brooke consid- 

 ered " English Literature from the Beginning to the 

 Norman Conquest." Richard Garnett added " A 

 History of Italian Literature" to the "Short His- 

 tories of the Literatures of the World Series," an- 

 other issue of which was " A History of Spanish 

 Literature," by James Fitzmaurice-Kelly, and David 

 Hannay discussed " The Later Renaissance " in 

 " Periods of European Literature." J. Scott Clark 

 wrote on " The Study of English Prose." " A Lit- 

 erary History of India," by Robert W. Frazer, in- 

 augurated the new " Library of Literary History," 

 and was an eminently scholarly and valuable work. 

 " The First Philosophers of Greece " were trans- 

 lated by Arthur Fairbanks, along with important 

 passages bearing upon them from the works of 

 Plato, Aristotle, and others. Another work of 

 scholarship, both vast and complete, was the trans- 

 lation by J. G. Frazer, of " Pausanias's Description 

 of Greece," with a commentary which filled four of 

 the six volumes which contained the work. The 

 existence of an edition so highly lauded as this has 

 been rendered possible, it may be added, by the ex- 

 cavations of the last ten years. The recently dis- 

 covered odes of " Bacchylides " were rendered ac- 

 cessible to " lovers of poetry not readers of Greek," 

 by E. Poste. " The Attic Theater," by A. E. Haigh, 

 gave a description of the stage and theaters of the 

 Athenians and of the dramatic performances at 

 Athens, and from the same author we had " The 

 Tragic Drama of the Greeks," accompanied with 

 illustrations. Catherine Mary Phillirnore, the au- 

 thor of " Studies in Italian Literature," gave us a 

 study of " Dante at Ravenna " ; Edmund G. Gardner 

 wrote of " Dante's Ten Heavens " ; Rosemary Cotes, 

 in " Dante's Garden," enumerated the flowers men- 

 tioned by Dante ; and from Paget Toynbee we had 

 "A Dictionary of Proper Names and Notable Mat- 

 ters in the Works of Dante." New criticism of 

 Shakespeare appeared in George Wyndham's edi- 

 tion of the " Poems " of the great dramatist, and 

 Edwin Reed prepared the "Brief for Plaintiff " in 

 the case of " Bacon versus Shakespeare," while Israel 

 Gollancz devoted a volume to " Hamlet in Iceland." 

 " The King's Quhair and the New Criticism " was 

 reviewed by Robert Sangster Rait. "Types of 

 Scenery and their Influence on Literature " was the 

 subject of the Romanes Lecture by Sir Archibald 

 Geikie, in which exact scientific knowledge was 

 united with adequate literary taste. J. Baly pub- 

 lished Vol. I of " Eur-Aryan Roots," with their Eng- 

 lish derivatives and the corresponding words in 

 the cognate languages compared and systematically 

 arranged; Lieut.-Col. C. R. Conder wrote on " The 

 Hittites and their Language," largely a study in 

 philology; and Robert Brown made a study of 

 "Semitic Influence in Hellenic Mythology." "The 

 Jew, the Gypsy, and El Islam " was the title of three 

 essays by the late Capt. Sir Richard F. Burton, 

 edited by W. II. Wilkins, and " Gypsy Folk-Tales" 

 were collected by Francis Hindes Groome in sup- 

 port of a theory of gypsies. " Tom Tit Tot," by 

 Edward Clodd, traced the story of Rumpelstilskin 

 through its English variants. J. Starkie Gardner 

 described "Armor in England from the Earliest 

 Times to the Seventeenth Century " ; Charles Oman 

 published Vol. II of "A History of the. Art of 

 War," covering "The Middle Ages"; "Law and 

 Politics in the Middle Ages" were the theme of 

 Edward Jenks, and " The Universities of Europe 

 in the Middle Ages" that of Hastings Rashdall. 

 "Old English Social Life as Told by the Parish 





