406 LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL. 



LITERATURE, LATIN-AMERICAN. 



Guardia Amarilla," by Lucio y Arniches ; and 

 Romea's " El Seftor Joaquin." Attention is called 

 to the " purely literary regionalism," the cultivation 

 of the regional dialects or languages and litera- 

 tures, of which this and former reports have given 

 some inkling. Some books by Catalonians are 

 nutod (their poets "are no doubt superior to those 

 of the rest of Spain," says an enthusiast) : Morera^'s 

 " Poesias " : " A l.-u les." by Guanyabens : Verdaguer s 

 " Santa Eulalia " : " ( >nu-ions " (" hymns in prose " ), 



- Impresiones de Arte," and " L'Alegria que passa: 

 Quadro liric en un Acte," by Santiago Rusinol; 



- I'rosa," by Enrique de Fuentes (a "newly ar- 

 rival": na'turalism ) ; "Natura: Poesias," by J. 

 Mass6 y Torrents (a true artist) ; " Narciso Oiler s 

 "HI Kx-anyaiia-Pobres: Version castellan de R. 

 Altamira " :" " Escritos de Jose Soler y Miquel ' ; 

 Adrian Gual's drama " Silenci " (promise rather 

 than achievement); and "Lo Nuvi," drama by 

 Feliu y Codina (important). The " modern " Cata- 

 lonians, who are giving most life to the literature 

 of Barcelona, have their review " Catalonia : Re- 

 vista literaria " (interesting and fine). 



Sweden. As shown in 1897, the twenty-fifth 

 anniversary of King Oscar Fredrik II (whose " Vers 

 og Prosa, 1872-'97 has appeared) naturally occa- 

 sioned the publication of new works on his reign ; 

 F. U. Wrangel's "Redogorelse for Konung Oscar 

 II.'s 25 arige Regeringsjubileum " being added this 

 year. There has been a remarkable revival of na- 

 tional feeling in all departments of literature. Im- 

 portant historical works have seen the light: H. 

 Hildebrand's scholarly, comprehensive description 

 of mediaeval Sweden ; the correspondence between 

 Jfirta and Wirsen in 1814, edited by O. Alin (re- 

 markable ; throws much light on the union between 

 Sweden and Norway); and anew, revised edition of 

 Carl Gustaf Malmstrom's exhaustive and erudite 

 "Sveriges politiska Historia fran Konung Karl 

 XII.'s 'DM till Statsomhvalfningen, 1772." Other 

 works noted are "Historiska Studier. Festskrift 

 tillSgnad C. Gst. Malmstrom, den 2. November 

 1897"; S. Jacobsen's "Den Nordiske Kriigs KrO- 

 nicke utgifven af M. Weibull"; A. E. Norden- 

 skiold's " Periplus. Utkast till SjOkoi'tens och Sj5- 

 bSckernas aldsta Historia"; and W. Coucheron 

 Aamot's " Kriget mellan Japan och Kina jamte 

 kort fatted Skildring af Ostra Asiens Historia." H. 

 Berg offers " Skizzer fran en Studieresa i Tyskland, 

 Belgien och Danmark." E. Wrangel's "Sveriges 

 littcriirii Forbindelser med Holland sardeles under 

 160()-tiil.-t." H. A. Ring's " Teaterns Historia fran 

 all 1st a till nyaste Tid," and N. Erdmann's "Moliere " 

 are new productions in literary criticism. 



The national movement referred to seems to have 

 incited a revival of the historical romance, as wit- 

 ness Elof Tegner's "Svenska Bilder fran Sexton 

 Hundratalet" (masterly pictures of domestic life of 

 Swedish magnates); Oscar Levertin's "Gustaf III.'s 

 Dagar " (elegant, charming sketches ; combination 

 of learning and fancy) ; II. Molandcr's " En Lycko- 

 ridilare" (introducing Lars Wiwallius, a Swedish 

 poet and adventurerof the seventeenth century); and 

 Verner von Heidenstam's " Karolinerna " ("a mas- 

 terpiece " ; picturesque ; portrait of Charles XII 

 historically untrue). Further titles in the list of 

 prose fiction are Gustaf af Geijerstam's " l)et vtter- 

 ^karet " (fresh picture of life of Swedish fisher- 

 folk); Per Ilallstrfim's "Varen. En Roman fran 

 1890 Talet " and a new collection of stories ; Selma 

 LagerloTs " Antekrists Mirakler"(a chef -<{',(> nrre, 

 " absolutely Sicilian in tone and expression "): 1 lilma 

 Angerod-Strandberg's " Den nya VSrlden " (gloomy 

 picture of sufferings of emigrants to America), and 

 ' P& PrSrien " ; and A. Strindberg's " Inferno " and 

 " Legender" ("diaries of a sick soul," marking the 

 last stage of a long-foreseen decadence). Note- 



worthy poetry is found in C. D. af Wirsen's " Under 

 Furur och Cypresser " (a triumph of idealistic prin- 

 ciples) ; " Dikter. Femte Samlingeu," by Carl Snoil- 

 sky, who shows " a transparent lucidity of form and 

 a true Swedish virility " ; and " Nytt och Gammalt" 

 (" passionate, melodious defiance against sour hy- 

 pocrisy ") and " Flicker och Stanker " (erotics), by 

 Gustaf Eroding, a "philosophizing vagabond prat- 

 tler " and " Sweden's most popular poet." 



Switzerland. Purely literary works, as usual, 

 are entered under Germany and France. To the 

 historical works noted in 1893 and 1895 are added : 

 " Bibliographic der schweizerischen Landeskunde. 

 Hrsg. von der Centralkom mission fiir schweizer- 

 ische Landeskunde"; "Katalog der Ilandschriften 

 zur Schweizergeschichte der Stadtbibliothek Bern " 

 (1896) ; " Urkundenbuch der Stadt und Landschaft 

 Zurich. Bearb. von J. Escher und P. Schweizer " 

 (Vol. IV, 1896) ; " Urkundenbuch der Stadt Basel " 

 (Vol. Ill, 1897) ; " Easier Chroniken. Hrsg. von der 

 historischen und antiquarischen Gesellschaft in 

 Basel " (Vol. V, 1895) ; " Collectanea Friburgensia. 

 Commentationes academicae universitatis Fribur- 



gensis Helvetiorum " ; D. Schilling's " Die Berner 

 hronik 1468-84. Im Auftrage des historischen 

 Vereins des Kantons Bern hrsg. von Gst. Tobler" 

 (Vol. I, 1898) ; Ant. Karl Fischer's " Die Hunnen 

 im schweizerischen Erfischthale und ihre Nacb- 

 kommen bis auf die heutige Zeit " (1896 ; unsuccess- 

 ful attempt to prove that the worthy Erfischthaler 

 are true descendants of the Huns and Magyars); 

 and G. Wunderli's " Huldrych Zwingli und die 

 Reformation in Zurich " (1897). 



LITERATURE, LATIN-AMERICAN, IN 

 1808. This record is again, of necessity, frag- 

 mentary, and can simply give a hint of the literary 

 activity of our Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking 

 American brethren. Besides local periodicals, the 

 Spanish " Revista critica de Historia y Literatura 

 espanolas, portuguesas e hispano-americanas," gives 

 interesting and useful information in this field. 



Argentine Republic. Eudoro y Gabriel Car- 

 rasco's " Anales de la Ciudad del Rosario de Santa 

 Fe, con Datos generales sobre Historia Argentina 

 1527-1865"; Lucio V. Mansilla's "Rozas: En- 

 sayo historico-psicologico " (Paris, 1898 ; interest- 

 ing account of the dictator) ; Juan Silvano Godoy's 

 " Mi Mision al Rio de Janeiro " ; Francisco P. 

 Moreno's " Reconocimiento de la Region andina 

 de la Republica Argentina " ; Paul Groussac's " Del 

 Plata al Niagara " (intelligent impressions of North 

 and South A merican affairs; " Senor Groussac not 

 a frequent matter in the Spanish-American repub- 

 lics writes a limpid style, without the Gallicisms 

 which so deface the works of others ") ; " Los 

 Querandies. Breve Contribucion al Estudio de la 

 Etnografia argentina," by Felix E. Oates ; Samuel 

 A. Lafone Quevedo's " Lenguas argentinas. Idioma 

 abipon " : S. Gesell's " Die Anpassung des Geldes 

 und seiner Verwaltung an die Bediirfnisse des 

 modernen Verkehrs " ; " Joyas pocticas americanas, 

 Coleccion de Poesias escogidas, originales de Au- 

 tores nacidos en America, Seleccion hecha por 

 Carlos Romagosa" (interesting but poorly ar- 

 ranged; trilingual, covering North America, Bra- 

 zil, and Spanish America). 



Itrazil. The " Revista do Archivo Publico 

 Mini'iro " constitutes a valuable repository for the 

 history of Minas Geraes. Jose Verissimo, a Bra- 

 zilian' critic, writing of Jose Pedro Xavier da 

 Vein's li Ephemerides Mineiras (1664-1897)," says: 

 "The existence in our scanty historical literature 

 of so many collections of ephemerides seems to 

 prove our predilection for this process of studying 

 and writing history. He mentions also Teixeira de 

 Mello's " Ephemerides nacionaes." Barao do Rio 

 Brunco's "Ephemerides brazileiras," and Garcez 



