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OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (ABRANTES AVEUM;.) 



the only instructor of theology in the institution. 

 He prepared his own text-books, three of which 

 (" Catechetics," " The Pastor," and " The Preacher ") 

 have been published; three others ("Natural 

 Theology," "Evidences of Christianity," and " Dog- 

 matic Theology ") were printed only for the use of 

 the students ; while others were copied by the stu- 

 dents from his manuscripts. One hundred students 

 were trained by him for the ministry. He was a 

 frequent contributor to Church periodicals, and was 

 the author of numerous books, including " Luther's 

 Small Catechism" (Philadelphia. 1887) and " Heav- 

 enly Recognition " (York. Pa., 1895). 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. Abrantes, Duke 

 d', a Spanish statesman, born in 1843 ; died in 

 Madrid early in May, 1898. As Marquis de Sardoal 

 he was elected a Deputy in 1867, and warmly em- 

 braced democratic and revolutionary principles in 

 1808, becoming Alcalde of Madrid in 1869. Affili- 

 ating with the Radical party, he continued to pre- 

 side over the municipality under King Amadeus, 

 and when the republic was declared in 1873 he ral- 

 lied to that form of government, but gave his ad- 

 herence to the monarchy after the restoration, and 

 in 1883 became Minister of Pomento in the Cabinet 

 of Posada Herrera. 



Ahmad Khan, Sir Saiyid, an Indian statesman, 

 born in Delhi in 1817; died in Allahabad in March, 

 1898. He was descended from a family tracing its 

 lineage to the Prophet, which entered India from 

 Herat with the Mogul conquerors and held high 

 offices in the court of the emperors at Delhi. In 

 1837 he entered the British service after studying 

 law, and was connected with the tribunals until he 

 retired. While at Bijnor, in Rohilkand, at the time 

 of the mutiny, he saved all the British in the sta- 

 tion from massacre by the exercise of great courage 

 and tact. He was rewarded for his fidelity and 

 devotion to the British in this critical period, and 

 after the mutiny he gave his whole mind to the 

 cause of Mohammedan education, perceiving that 

 his coreligionists could not take the part in Indian 

 Government which the British were disposed to 

 assign to them unless they equipped themselves in- 

 tellectually as the Hindus of Bengal were doing. He 

 founded a society for the translation of books on 

 history and modern science, which grew into a per- 

 manent institute at Aligahr, the town where he re- 

 sided. In connection with this he established a 

 printing office and published a journal. In 1873 

 he founded an Anglo-Oriental college at that place 

 for the education of Mohammedans of the higher 

 classes. In defense of his religion he was an able 

 dialectician, and frequently contributed articles to 

 English newspapers and magazines. In answer to 

 his friend Sir William Muir's " Life of Mahomet " 

 he published in 1870 "A Series of Essays on Ma- 

 homet." Retiring from the magistracy in 1876, he 

 was appointed in 1878 a member of the Viceroy's 

 Council by Lord Lytton, and was reappointed by 

 Lord Ripon. He received the order of the Star of 

 India in 1888. He assailed the Indian National 

 Congress from its inception, keeping Mohammedans 

 generally from going into that movement, and was 

 regarded as the political leader of the whole Mo- 

 hammedan community of India. 



Alvary, Max (Achenbach), singer, born in Dlis- 

 seldorf, Germany, in 1856 ; died in Grosztabarz, 

 Thuringia, Nov. 8, 1898. He was the son of An- 

 dreas Achenbach, a noted German painter. In his 

 early youth he was passionately devoted to music, 

 and as a member of local singing societies and choirs 

 of his native city became celebrated for the strength 

 and purity of his voice. He determined to adopt 

 the lyric stage, and put himself under the tutelage 

 of Lamperti in Italy. He continued his studies 

 with Julius Stockhausen at Frankfort, and sang in 



concert and oratorio. His debut in opera was made 

 in Weimar in 1882, in the part of Stradella at the 

 Court Theater. I^or two years he continued to grow 

 popular in Germany, and in 1884 he was engaged 

 for the Metropolitan Opera House, New York city, 

 where he opened that autumn as Don Jose to Lilli 

 Lehman's Carmen. During two seasons in New 

 York he was received with favor, and in this 

 time he played Adolar in Weber's " Euryanthe," 

 first produced Dec. 23, 1887. But when Wagner's 

 " Seigfried " was produced Alvary's rendition of 

 Seigfried struck a tremendously magnetic chord of 

 public favor. He was Seigfried indeed, the very 

 realization of Wagner's imaginings. New York 

 press and public trumpeted the young tenor's tri- 

 umph. When he closed his engagement in 1889 an 

 ovation such as had never been witnessed in Amer- 

 ica attended his last appearace. He was received 

 in Europe as a great singer upon the faith of the 

 American verdict. At Beyreuth he sang Tannhuii- 

 ser and Tristan, and repeated his American suc- 

 cesses in the principal cities of his native land. In 

 the spring of 1895, he returned to New York as a 

 member of Walter Damrosch's German Opera Com- 

 pany. During this engagement he sang Tristan in 

 "Tristan and Isolde' for the first time in the 

 United States. He again came to New York with 

 Damrosch in 1896. While playing an engagement 

 at Mannheim, Germany, in 1895, Alvary fell through 

 a trap that had been negligently left open on the 

 stage during a rehearsal, and suffered internal 

 injury, to which he was at first somewhat in- 

 different. It was not, indeed, until the following 

 year, during his engagement in New York, that he 

 began to be alarmed. An operation was performed, 

 but it was discovered that cancer had taken seat at 

 the place of injury. He then retired to his home 

 in Thuringia, where, after a series of expensive but 

 hopeless operations which consumed his savings, he 

 died in an agony of pain intensified by the depend- 

 ence upon him of a widow and nine children. 



Anderson, Sir William, an English engineer, 

 born in St. Petersburg, Jan. 5, 1835 ; died in Lon- 

 don, Dec. 11, 1898. He took the highest honors in 

 the commercial school of St. Petersburg, and in 

 1849 went to London to take the course in applied 

 science at King's College, aiier completing which 

 he was apprenticed to Sir William Fairbairn in 

 1851. As a member of a firm in Dublin, from 

 1855 till 1864, he was engaged in building railroad 

 bridges, and made in connection with this work a 

 study of diagonally braced girders that gave him 

 note in the engineering world. He was the head 

 of the firm of Easton & Anderson, of Erith, when 

 in 1889 he was appointed director-general of the 

 British ordnance factories. In this public post he 

 has had legal controversies with several inventors 

 of high explosives. 



Aveling, Edward Bibbins, an English journal- 

 ist, born in Stoke-Newington, Nov. 29, 1851 ; died 

 in London, Aug. 4, 1898. He was of Irish descent, 

 was educated at University College, London, studied 

 medicine, went to Cambridge as Prof. Michael Fos- 

 ter's assistant in physiology, and was afterward 

 Professor of Chemistry and Physiology at New Col- 

 lege and of Comparative Anatomy at the London 

 Hospital. In 1882 he was a member of the London 

 School Board. He gave up his profession to advo- 

 cate the doctrines of socialism as propounded by 

 Karl Marx. He became an editor, writer, and lec- 

 turer in this cause, and a leader of the social demo- 

 crats of Great Britain. He wrote books and plays 

 with political motives, and many text-books and 

 other works designed to popularize Darwinian scien- 

 tific theories and the politico-economic doctrines 

 of Marx. He also translated the writings of Con- 

 tinental socialists. In 1886 he visited the United 



