586 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (BURSE-JONES CAIRD.) 



1848, when he was elected a Deputy. Though he 

 had voted with the Orleanists, Louis Napoleon made 

 hini Minister of Commerce and Agriculture in 1849. 

 At the end of that year he resigned with Odilon 

 Barrot. He took a prominent part in 1850 in get- 

 ting a law passed to restrict the suffrage, and in 

 1851 ha returned to office, but resigned with the 

 rest of the Cabinet six months afterward because 

 Louis Napoleon proposed to repeal this act. After 

 the coup d'etat he retired from politics until 1864, 

 when he was elected to the Corns Legislatif, in 

 which he took his seat with the Moderate Opposi- 

 tion. When Napoleon III turned for refuge to the 

 Liberals in 1870 and appointed a Cabinet with Emile 

 Ollivier at the head, M. Buffet accepted the port- 

 folio of Finance, which he resigned, however, when 

 the Emperor determined to appeal to a plebiscite, 

 upsetting, in his view, the basis of the parliamentary 

 system. After the war M. Buffet sat with the 

 Right Center, the Orleanists, and in April, 1873, 

 was elected President of the National Assembly, in 

 succession to Jules Grevy. Retaining this post till 

 the Assembly was dissolved, he actively and effect- 

 ively aided the Reactionaries in their plans for 

 forcing President Thiers to resign. In March. 1875, 

 after he had accepted the republic, he became Prime 

 Minister and Minister of the Interior in a Moderate 

 Cabinet containing both Republicans and Royalists. 

 He had disagreements with M. Dufaure and Leon 

 Say in the Cabinet, and gave such offense to the 

 people by the harsh measures that he took as Min- 

 ister of the Interior and by his reactionary spirit 

 and disagreeable manners, that when the election 

 came in February, 1876, he could not get a seat for 

 any one of the four constituencies in which he was 

 a candidate. Resigning the premiership, he was 

 elected a Senator for life a few months later by a 

 majority of only a single vote in the Senate. Too 

 unpopular to be taken into the Ministry of the Due 

 de Broglie, he attended the meetings of the Senate 

 faithfully for the rest of his life, cut off from any 

 further prominent part in affairs, and yet a keen de- 

 bater on fiscal subjects and economic measures. 



Burne-Jones, Sir Edward, an English painter, 

 born in Birmingham, Aug. 22, 1833 ; died in Lon- 

 don, June 17, 1898. He was of Welsh descent. He 

 went to Oxford with the intention of studying for 

 the Church, and there fell in with William Morris 

 and other young disciples of the preraphaelite 

 school, who so inspired him with their love of art 

 that he left the university in 1856 and went to 

 London with the intention of making painting his 

 profession. There he was strengthened in his hope 

 and determination by his intercourse with Rossetti, 

 whose theory and aims in art coincided with his 

 ideas, and from whose hints and practice he caught 

 the suggestions for his earliest drawings and efforts 

 in color, mystical and romantic pieces, such as 

 " Christ and the Knight." For the first dozen years 

 few people were interested in his work, or ever saw 

 any of it except an occasional drawing shown in 

 the rooms of the Water Color Society. His designs 

 in stained glass and tapestries, carried out by his 

 friend Morris, first attracted the attention of the 

 public, and roused in some unbounded admiration, 

 in others strong aversion. His illustrations for 

 books, also produced by Morris, had the same char- 

 acteristics, and their working was the same. After 

 the Grosvenor Gallery was opened in 1877 his works 

 were the center of interest in the exhibitions, the most 

 pronounced and characteristic of all the products 

 of the new school that blazed into the public eye. 

 He exhibited in succession the " Days of Creation," 



The Golden Stair," "The Beguiling of Merwin," 

 "The Annunciation," the "Pygmalion" series, 

 " King Cophetua," and many more. Later, in the 

 New Gallery, his paintings were the objects of the 



keenest interest, drawing forth either passionate 

 praise or fierce dislike. Everything that he pro- 

 duced was taken by one or another of his devoted 

 admirers, and there was no standard by which the 

 public estimation of his works could be tested until 

 the largest collection came into the market on the 

 death of its owner in 1886. Then his "Chant 

 d'Amour " brought 3,000 guineas at auction. Short- 

 ly before his death his " Mirror of Venus" sold for 

 5,000 guineas. The faults in drawing that were 

 glaring in his earlier paintings he corrected gradu- 

 ally by the most assiduous study and practice. The 

 most generally admired of all his productions was 

 the ''Brier Rose" quartet of paintings. The mo- 

 saics in the American church at Rome are strik- 

 ing examples of his religious art, poetic and orig- 

 inal, like all his work. In Celtic romance and 

 mystery he showed an inborn racial aptitude. 

 Many objected to the figures in his paintings as 

 unreal types, psychological puzzles, but the wealth 

 of decorative details and the beauty and variety of 

 his coloring were artistic triumphs which no one 

 could gainsay. " The Hours," the " Wheel of For- 

 tune," " Laus Veneris," " The Resurrection," and 

 " Pan and Psyche " are some of his most famous 

 works in oil, and among his water colors " The 

 Four Seasons," " Hope," " Night," and "Love among 

 the Ruins." He designed the beautiful " St. Cecilia " 

 for the window of Christ Church at Oxford. The 

 color schemes, the decorative quality, the imagina- 

 tive power, the legendary mysticism, the select re- 

 finement, the poetical inspiration of his work appeal 

 to the artist nature, and have had influence in 

 France as well as in England, and still more in 

 America. He was elected an associate of the Royal 

 Academy, exhibited one picture, and in 1893 re- 

 signed. He was created a baronet in 1894. 



Caird, John, a Scottish divine and educator, born 

 in Greenock in December, 1820 ; died there, July 30, 

 1898. He studied at Glasgow University, was or- 

 dained a minister of the Scottish Kirk, and in 1845 

 entered upon the charge of Newton-on-Ayr, which 

 he exchanged in 1847 for one in Edinburgh, where 

 he established a reputation as the most eloquent and 

 impressive, and the most polished and intellectual 

 preacher in the Established Church. He settled in 

 1849 in Errol, Perthshire, whence during the eight 

 years of his pastorate he was frequently invited to 

 preach in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and other towns. 

 His sermon on "Religion in Common Life," preached 

 before the Queen in 1855, was circulated in private 

 form throughout Great Britain and America, and 

 translated into German. After taking a pastorate 

 in Glasgow in 1857, he published a volume of his 

 most famous discourses. He resigned his charge in 

 1862 to become Professor of Divinity in Glasgow 

 University, and in 1873 he was appointed principal 

 and vice-chancellor of the university. His sermons 

 on " The Unity of the Sciences " and " The Pro- 

 gressiveness of the Sciences," and one, preached 

 before the British Medical Association in 1888, on 

 "Mind and Matter," show a Hegelian tendency 

 that he developed after turning his attention chiefly 

 to philosophy and the philosophical aspects of re- 

 ligion. He published in 1880 " An Introduction to 

 the Philosophy of Religion," the substance of a 

 lecture that he had given at Edinburgh a year pre- 

 vious. In 1888 he published a study on " Spinoza." 

 Having been appointed Gifford Lecturer in Natural 

 Theology at Glasgow, he delivered a course of lec- 

 tures in 1892 and another in 1895, and during the 

 delivery of the second course he was stricken down 

 with a weakening illness that incapacitated him for 

 strenuous work. Principal Caird was the main 

 contributor to the volume of "Scotch Sermons" 

 issued in 1880 as an exposition of the ideas of the 

 Broad Church party in the Church of Scotland. 



