592 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (FEUILLEE GARNI ER.) 



pleasure of making her acquaintance." On July 6, 

 1855, she produced in London (having played it 

 earlier in the provinces) her husband's version of 

 " King Rene's Daughter," assuming the part of 

 lolanthe. For the most part, during subsequent 

 years, she played only the characters of her very 

 extensive repertory ; but on Nov. 3, 1864, she as- 

 sumed for the first time the part of Ladv Macbeth 

 at Drury Lane Theater. Her greatest Shakespear- 

 ean presentations, however, were Juliet, Beatrice, 

 Imogen, Portia, and Rosalind. After her appear- 

 ance in 1864 Lady Martin (her husband had now 

 been knighted) we'nt into comparative retirement. 

 On March 2, 1874, she played Lady Teazle in a per- 

 formance of " The School for Scandal " at Drury 

 Lane Theater, for the benefit of Ben Webster, and 

 her last appearance in London was in June, 1876, 

 when she played lolanthe at the Lyceum Theater 

 for Henry Irvine to his Sir Tristram. In April, 

 1879, she played Beatrice in "Much Ado About 

 Nothing" at the inauguration of the Memorial 

 Theater, Stratford-on-Avon, to the Benedick of Mr. 

 Barry Sullivan. In October of the same year, the 

 sixtieth of her age, she played Rosalind at Manches- 

 ter for the benefit of the widow of the actor Charles 

 Culvert. This was her last appearance on the 

 stage in character, but she frequently gave public 

 readings at Llangollen for local charities. Sir 

 Theodore and Lady Martin lived in quiet content 

 in the Vale of Llangollen, sympathetic and often of 

 practical help to young authors, actors, and artists. 

 In her social sphere Helena Faucit was the friend 

 of the greatest men of her time, among them Sir 

 Walter Scott, Thackeray, Browning, Tennyson, 

 Carlyle, Dickens, and Lord Lytton. She was hon- 

 ored with the personal friendship of her Sovereign, 

 who, as a mark of her admiration of the purity and 

 beauty of the actress's life, appointed her reader to 

 the Queen. In her art Helen Faucit was true to 

 the ideals of beauty and taste. She speedily over- 

 came the injurious influence of the Macready man- 

 nerisms, and was always a model of fine diction. 

 She excelled by a charm of manner rather than by 

 natural force or startling innovations. Her book 

 of essays, entitled " Some of Shakespeare's Female 

 Characters " (1887) has gone through several edi- 

 tions. 



FenillSe, Felix Martin, a French statesman, 

 born in Rennes in 1830; died there in the begin- 

 ning of August, 1898. He studied and practiced 

 law in his native town, served in the war with Ger- 

 many, receiving the cross of the Legion of Honor 

 for bravery during the siege of Paris, was elected a 

 Deputy in 1876 and became one of the most active 

 members of the majority, took the under-secretary- 

 ship of the Interior in 1879, and in 1880 entered the 

 Cabinet as Minister of Justice. He supported Jules 

 Ferry, his chief, in important debates, but his repu- 

 tation rests mainly on the judicial reforms that he 

 proposed and saw partly carried into execution in 

 1882 after long discussions. His name is connected 

 also with important administrative reforms, and he 

 was one of the chief advocates of the law of divorce. 

 In 1889 he lost his seat to a Conservative. 



Fontane, Theodor. a German poet, born in Neu 

 Kuppin, Dec. 30, 1819; died in Berlin, Sept, 21, 

 1898. He was educated as an apothecary, and fol- 

 lowed this business in Leipsic and Berlin. The 

 patriotic poems of his friend C. F. Scherenberg 

 prompted mm to try his hand at poetry. " Manner 

 und Helden," a series of Prussian ballads, was fol- 

 lowed by the epic poem " Von der schonen Rosa- 

 munde." During two visits to England ho was at- 

 tracted to Scottish subjects and inspired the ballad 

 of " Archibald Douglas," followed later by poems 

 on Mary Stuart, Lady Jane Grey, and the War of 

 the Roses, in which an elevated romantic tone pre- 



vails. Prussian historical themes he treated in a 

 more popular style and with a martial and patri- 

 otic spirit. The former were too wild and stern for 

 the taste of those days, and the subjects of the 

 latter interested nobody. It was his volumes de- 

 scribing tours through Mark Brandenburg that first 

 drew attention to the picturesqueness of the towns 

 and to the peculiar charms of Nature in that sandy 

 region and to the author as well. He wrote two 

 novels to glorify Prussia. " Vor dem Sturm " and 

 " Schach von Wuthenow." The Danish, Austrian, 

 and French wars he saw as a newspaper corre- 

 spondent, and in the last one was taken prisoner. 

 Afterward he wrote on English politics, and then 

 was for some time a dramatic critic. When the 

 taste of the Berliners was suddenly captivated by 

 the realism of Zola, instead of warring against the 

 tendency like other old romanticists, Fontane de- 

 termined to exercise his experienced hand in the 

 new art, and therefore wrote novels of Berlin so- 

 ciety in which the boldest modern realism is pre- 

 sented, without didactic or moral purpose, without 

 pessimistic or other tendency, but with a purely ar- 

 tistic, literary design. He avoided repulsive, ab- 

 normal, and dreadful subjects and characters, and 

 treated the griefs and joys, the mingled virtues and 

 vices, which he depicted with an easy, careless grace 

 and humor, a German objectiveness and scientific 

 interest, distinguishing the school that he founded 

 from the naturalistic writers of either France, 

 Russia, or Scandinavia. 



Fowler, Sir John, an English engineer, born in 

 Sheffield in 1817 ; died in Bournemouth, Nov. 20, 

 1898. ' He was the pupil of J. F. Leather, the engi- 

 neer who planned the waterworks of Yorkshire, and 

 afterward assisted in preparing drawings and con-^ 

 tracts for railroads, started on his own account at 

 the age of twenty-six, and was employed as chief 

 engineer for various railroads that were successively 

 chartered by Parliament, gaining a great reputation 

 among railroad promoters by his services to tin- 

 Great Grimsby line. He designed also and carried 

 through, against the opposition of local authorities 

 and interests and the prognostications of the most 

 eminent engineers, the London underground rail- 

 road. As consulting engineer to the Khedive Is- 

 mail Pasha he planned railroads and other schemes 

 for the improvement of Egypt, for which he was 

 made a Knight of the British Colonial order in 

 1885. He was associated with Sir Benjamin Baker 

 in designing the Forth bridge, and was made a 

 baronet in 1880. 



(xiiraslmnin, Miliitin, a Servian statesman, born 

 in Belgrade in 1843; died in Paris, March 6. ISils. 

 He studied for eight years in French colleges, and 

 after returning home in 1868 cultivated his property 

 at Grotzka until 1880, when, the opponents of 

 Ristich gaining the upper hand, he became Minis- 

 ter of the Interior under Pirochanatz. He was ap- 

 pointed minister to Vienna on retiring from the 

 Cabinet, and was recalled in 1884 to become Prime 

 Minister. He remained at the head of the Govern- 

 ment for three years, resigning in 1887 because he 

 would not countenance King Milan's design to get 

 rid of Queen Natalie by a divorce. In 1895 he was 

 appointed Servian minister at Paris. 



(iarnier, Jean Louis Charles, a French archi- 

 tect, born in Paris. Oct. 6, 1825; died Aug. 4, 189 

 He entered the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1842, and 

 remained there six years, receiving in 1848 the 

 Grand Prix de Rome for his design for a Conserva- 

 toire, pour Arts et Metiers. At the Salon of IS;>;! 

 and at the Exposition Universelle in 1855 his poly- 

 chromatic design for the restoration of the Temple 

 of Jupiter in the island of Egina attracted much 

 attention. In 1860 he was appointed architect t<> 

 the city of Paris, and in the competition for the Paris 



