618 



PARAGUAY. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



at the War Department engaged in that work. In 

 April, 1897, he was transferred to the command of 

 the Department of Colorado. The routine duties of 

 a department commander in time of peace impose 

 no great tax upon a man's ability, but whatever 

 work was given to Gen. Otis was done to the thor- 

 ough satisfaction of his superiors. In December, 

 1897, he was ordered to duty as president of an im- 

 portant court-martial at Savannah, Ga., and he had 

 just completed that work when the war with Spain 

 began. 



On May 28, 1898, he was appointed major gen- 

 eral of volunteers and assigned to duty in com- 

 mand of the Department of the Pacific ami Military 

 Governor of the Philippines. Gen. Otis was chosen 



to command the troops sent to the Philippine Is- 

 lands because of his reputation as a thorough and 

 reliable soldier. His conduct of the campaign which 

 resulted in the discomfiture of Aguinaldo excited 

 the admiration of foreign military observers. With 

 the help of the trained and experienced officers un- 

 der his command Major-Gens. Thomas M. Ander- 

 son and Arthur MacArthur, Brig.-Gens. M. P. Mil- 

 ler, Harrison Gray Otis, Samuel Ovenshine, Irving 

 Hale, Charles King, and others Gen. Otis has fash- 

 ioned into an army the inexperienced volunteers 

 who form the chief part of his force, and made the 

 most effective use of their admirable fighting quali- 

 ties. Gen. Otis is author of a book entitled ' The 

 Indian Question " (New York, 1878). 



PARAGUAY, a republic in South America. The 

 legislative power is vested in a Congress consisting 

 of a Senate of 13 and a Chamber of 26 members 

 elected by universal male suffrage. Gen. Juan B. 

 Egusquiza was elected President of the Republic in 

 1894 for the term ending Nov. 25, 1898. The Cab- 

 inet at the beginning of 1898 was composed as fol- 

 lows : Minister of the Interior, A. M. Martinez ; 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs and Colonization, J. S. 

 Decoud ; Minister of Finance, A. Canete; Minister 

 of Justice, Worship, and Public Instruction, R. 

 Mazo ; Minister of War, E. Aceval. 



Area and Population. The area is 97,707 

 square miles, with a population estimated in 1897 at 

 600,000, not including 60,000 civilized and 70,000 

 uncivilized Indians. The Government, which for- 

 merly owned 75 per cent, of the land, has disposed 

 of a great part of the public domain to foreign 

 settlers, much of it in large blocks. The number of 

 immigrants in 1895 was 243, of whom 73 were Ger- 

 mans, 34 Swiss, 29 French, 26 Italians, and 81 of 

 other nationalities. 



Finances. The revised estimates for 1897 made 

 the total receipts $5,462,475, of which $1,900,915 

 were hypothecated revenues, leaving $3,562,560 for 

 the expenses of the Government. 



The foreign debt, which was scaled down for the 

 second time by an arrangement made with the 

 bondholders in" 1895 for the assignment of public 

 revenues to the service of the debt and the reduc- 

 tion of interest and funding of arrears of interest, 

 amounted in 1897 to 994,600 sterling. The Gov- 

 ernment is responsible, moreover, for 374,871 of 

 bonds of the Paraguay Central Railroad, and owes 

 old indemnity debts to Brazil and the Argentine 

 Republic amounting respectively to $9,876,500 and 

 $12,393,600. 



Commerce and Production. The chief indus- 

 try is the cultivation of yerba mate, or Paraguay tea. 

 The lands on which the plant is grown have been 

 sold by the state to private companies and individ- 

 uals. The quantity exported in 1896 was 9,024 tons. 

 There are vast forests containing valuable timber, 

 which is now exported to European and South 

 American countries. There were 2,102,680 cattle in 

 1896. and nearly 100,000 hides are exported annu- 

 ally. Tobacco is grown for export. During 1896 

 there were 666 vessels in the foreign trade, of 176,- 

 638 tons, entered, and 613, of 147,640 tons, cleared 

 at the port of Asuncion. 



Communications. The railroad from Asuncion 

 to Pirapo has a length of 155 miles. The number 

 of letters, etc., that passed through the post office in 

 1896 was 777.017. 



PENNSYLVANIA, a Middle State, one of the 

 original thirteen, ratified the Constitution Dec. 12, 



1787; area, 45,215 square miles. The population 

 according to each decennial census, was 434,373 in 

 1790; 602,365 in 1800; 810,091 in 1810; 1-,047,507 

 in 1820 ; 1,348,233 in 1830 ; 1,724,033 in 1840 ; 2,311.- 

 786 in 1850; 2,906,215 in 1860; 3,521.951 in 1870: 

 4,282,891 in 1880 ; and 5,258,014 in 1890. Capital. 

 Harrisburg. 



Government. The State officers for the year 

 were : Governor, Daniel H. Hastings ; Lieutenant 

 Governor, Walter 

 Lyon ; Secretary 

 of the Common- 

 wealth. David Mar- 

 tin ; Secretary of 

 Internal Affairs, 

 James W. Latta ; 

 Treasurer, Benja- 

 min J. Hay wood, 

 succeeded May 1 by 

 James S. Beacom; 

 Auditor, Amos H. 

 Mylin, succeeded 

 May 1 by L. G. Mc- 

 Cauley : Attorney- 

 General, Henry C. 

 McCormick ; Ad- 

 jutant General, 

 Thomas J. Stewart ; 

 Superintendent of 

 Public Instruction. 

 Nathan C. Schaef- 

 fer; Insurance Commissioner, James H. Lambert; 

 Commissioner of Banking, B. F. Gilkeson ; Secretary 

 of Agriculture, Thomas J. Edge; Superintendent of 

 Public Buildings, J. C. Delaney ; State Librarian. 

 W. H. Egle ; Dairy and Food "Commissioner, Levi 

 S. Wells; Forestry Commissioner, J. H. Roth rock : 

 Factory Inspector, James Campbell; State Votn-i- 

 narian, Leonard Pearson ; Economic Zoologist. B. 1 1. 

 Warren; Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, .lames 

 P. Sterrett ; Associate Justices, Henry Given. I leiirv 

 W.Williams, James T. Mitchell, J. ' B. McCollum. 

 John Dean, and D. Newlin Fell; Justices of tin 

 Superior Court, E. N. Willard, C. E. Rice, J. A. 

 Beaver, J. J. Wickham, H. J. Reeder, George H. 

 Orlady, and P. P. Smith. All the above named an 

 Republicans, except N. C. SchaelTer. ami .lustier- 

 McCollum and Smith, who are Democrats. 



Finances. The Treasurer's report says: -Tin 

 estimate of the Auditor General and State Tn.i- 

 urer for the year was $11,561,000. The receipt- 

 are about $1,000,000 short of this amount. This i- 

 due principally to two facts: First, on account of 

 pending litigation over the construction of the act 

 of Assembly under which the capital stock of cor- 

 porations is appraised for taxation. A large per 



WILLIAM A. STONE, 

 GOVERNOR OP PENNSYLVANIA. 



