

PORTUGAL. 



649 



amount of the external debts outstanding to be 

 i'63,137,263, consisting of 39,261,051 of 3-per-cent, 



the cattle-rearing and fish-canning industries and 

 developing the mineral resources of the country. 



internal consols, also held in London to a consider- 

 able extent, amounted to 56,941,901, and there 

 were (5,181,905 of internal 4 and 4* per cent, out- 

 standing, while 31,136,773 of all the issues were 

 stated to be in the hands of the Government. The 

 floating debt amounted to 36,826,421 tnilreis on 

 June 30, 1897. The interest on the funded debts in 

 1896 amounted to 17,160,140 milreis; the total ex- 

 penditure for the public debt to 17,833,538 milreis, 

 more than a third of the total revenue. 



of country. The value of the imports in 1896 was 

 8|461j4M milreis; exports, 4,612.800 milreis. Dur- 

 ing the year 286 vessels, of 431,774 tons, visited the 

 ports of San Paulo de Loanda, Benguela, Arnbriz, 

 and Mossamedes. There were 200 miles of railroad 

 and 260 miles of telegraph posts. The revenue for 

 1897 was estimated at 1,374.430. and expenditure at 

 1,714,240 milreis. (See CAPE COLONY and SOPTH 

 AFRICA.) 

 The Portuguese possessions in India are Goa, on 



Commerce and Production. Wine is the chief the Malabar coast; Damao, north of Bombay; and 



_.* * 4-u- i. j .-4. j-.-i.;-. the island of Diu. Salt works furnish the principal 



industry in all these places. The estimated revenue 

 of Goa for 1897 was 873,118 milreis ; expenditure, 



product of the country, and its production is in- 

 creasing in all sections. The exports in 1896 were 

 451,210,500 litres of ordinary wine, 284,561, 800 litres 



of port, 22,537,000 litres of Madeira, and 2,733,700 935.363 milreis 



litres of liqueur wine. The port and Madeira go 

 to England, and in lesser quantities to Germany; 

 the common wine mainly to Brazil. Corn, wheat, 

 and rye are grown, but imports of wheat are re- 

 quired. Olive oil, figs, oranges, onions, tomatoes, 

 and potatoes are some of the other products. Sheep 

 and goats are reared in the mountains, cattle in the 

 northern districts, and in the extensive oak forests 

 hogs are fattened on acorns. The mineral resources 

 are great, but for lack of coal and transportation 

 facilities many rich mines remain undeveloped. 

 The total value of the ore production, including 

 copper, iron, antimony, manganese, lead, etc., is about 

 1,000,000 milreis a year. Sardines and herrings are 

 caught and cured for export. 



Colonies. Portugal has the following colonial 

 possessions : 



The Cape Verde Islands are peopled by descend- 

 ants of Portuguese settlers and women from the 

 Guinea coast, who cultivate coffee, medicinal plants, 

 and millet. The imports in 1896 were 1,595,900 

 milreis in value, and exports 380,500 milreis. The 

 revenue for 1897 was estimated at 267,080, and ex- 

 ports 386,500 milreis. Portuguese Guinea, which is 

 a part of the coast of Senegambia surrounded by 

 French possessions, exports rubber, wax, oil seeds, 

 hides, and ivory. The imports in 1895 were valued 

 at 283,000 milreis; exports, 221,000 milreis. The 

 revenue for 1895 was 58,200 milreis from local 

 sources, supplemented by 146,000 milreis from the 

 Portuguese treasury. 



Macao, at the mouth of the Canton river, con- 

 tained, with the dependent islands of Taipa and 

 Coloane, 74,568 Chinese, 3.106 native Portuguese, 

 615 Portuguese from the Continent and 177 from 

 the islands, and 161 foreigners. Trade is mostly in 

 the hands of Chinamen, and the chief industry has 

 been preparing opium for export to the Chinese of 

 the United States and Australia, which is now de- 

 clining. The export in 1896 was 285.600 in value. 

 The revenue of Macao and Timor for 1897 was esti- 

 mated at 497,305 milreis; expenditure, 473,100 mil- 

 reis. Though Macao still contributes to the cost 

 of the administration of Timor, this possession was 

 made administratively independent in 1896. The 

 delimitation of the boundary between the Dutch 

 and the Portuguese parts of the island of Timor has 

 not been completed. The chief exports of Portu- 

 guese Timor, which consists of the eastern half and 

 the neighboring island of Pulo Cambing, are coffee 

 and wax. 



Politics. The political situation is dominated 

 82o',6oo by the financial exigencies of the Government. The 

 04 Km Chamber in January, 1898, passed a bill granting 

 trade and industrial monopolies in the Portuguese 

 possessions, upon which the cotton manufacturers 

 of northern Portugal closed their mills by way of 

 protest. The campaign of Major Mousinho d'Albu- 

 querque, Governor-General of Portuguese East 

 Africa, against Gungunhaiia was no sooner victori- 

 ously ended by the capture of the Kafir chief than 

 trouble broke out in St. Paul de Loanda. where the 

 natives in January, 1898, attacked the fortress of 

 Humbe repeatedly. A railroad in East Africa from 

 Quilimane to Ruo, on the frontier of British Central 

 Africa, was authorized in June. Major Mousinho 

 d'Albuquerque was replaced by a Governor-General 

 more acceptable to the English and arrangements 

 were discussed regarding the eventual cession of 

 Delagoa Bay. 



On May 2 Barros Gomes retired from the Cabinet, 

 and Senhor Beirilo succeeded him as Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs, retaining at the same time the port- 

 folio of Justice. After introducing a bill for the 

 conversion of the external debt, the Government 



Wf 



I 



St. Thomas and Principe are fertile volcanic 

 islands inhabited by Portuguese Creoles and ne- withdrew it in January to enter into fresh negotu 

 groes. An average of 600,000 kilos of cacao is pro- tions with the bondholders. Many public meetings 

 duced in Principe and of 2,250,000 kilos of coffee in were held evincing the popular repugnance to tM 

 St. Thomas. Cinchona is also cultivated. The im- conversion scheme. It was passed, nevertheless, by 

 ports for 1896 were 1,055,500, and exports 2,283,917 the Chamber of Deputies on March 8. and on April 

 milreis in value. The estimated revenue for 1897 29 by the Chamber of Peers, in which the Minis- 

 terial following had been strengthened by the nom- 

 ination of new peers. The Cortes were closed on 

 June 4. On Aug. 15 tin- Cabinet resigned and was 

 reconstructed as follows: Prime Minister and Min- 



was 300.900, and expenditure 201,385 milreis. 

 Angola is divided into the administrative districts 

 Congo, Loanda, Benguela, Mossamedes, and Lun- 

 a. The chief products are coffee and rubber, and 

 after these, wax, sugar, vegetable oils, cocoanuts, and 

 ivory. German capitalists have organized the Mos- 

 samedes Company for the purpose of carrying on 



ister of the Interior, Jose Luciano de Castro; Min- 

 ister of War. Col. Sebastiao Telles; Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs, Francisco de Veiga BeirSo ; Min- 



I 



