670 



RESERVATIONS, INDIAN. 



California. Five reservations, under four agen- 

 cies; area,676 square miles. The population num- 

 bers 12.574, of whom 6,995 are not under an agent. 

 The Mission Indians are the most numerous, and 

 other tribes are Hoopas, Klamaths, Concows, Ulies, 

 and Wylaclies, Little Lakes and Redwoods, etc. 



Colorado. There is but one reservation in this 

 State, that of the Ute Indians, who reluctantly 

 agreed to the relinquishment of their lands and to 

 removal to Utah as long ago as the autumn of 1888. 

 The Commissioner of Indian Affairs protested 

 against the ratification of this agreement, and the 

 Utes are still in possession of their lands. The area 

 of the reservation is 1,710 square miles. The tribe 

 numbers 1,142. 



Idaho. Four reservations, under as many agen- 

 cies, having an area of 2,963f square miles. The 

 population of Shoshones, Bannocks, Sheepeaters, 

 and Nez Perces, with 533 Pend d'Oreilles and 

 Kootenais not under an agent numbers 4,198. 



Indian Territory. Twelve reservations, under 

 two agencies, with an area of 31,062 square miles. 

 The Union agency,under which fall theFi ve Civilized 

 Tribes, is not an agency in the common acceptation 

 of the term. These tribes possess governments with 

 constitutions similar to that of the United States 

 and based thereon, divided into executive, judicial, 

 and legislative departments, though the title of the 

 land is vested in the nation, and each individual 

 occupies as much as he desires. In some instances 

 farms of 4,000 to 8,000 acres are held by single 

 Indians, who employ others as assistants. The 

 total population of Indian Territory is 67,358, of 

 whom 65,970 belong to the Five Civilized Fribes: the 

 Cherokees numbering 25,388; the Chickasaws, 6,000 ; 

 the Choctaws, 17,819 ; the Creeks, 13,863 ; and the 

 Seminoles, 2,900. The Indians under the Quapaw 

 agency are, respectively, Peorias, Ottawas, Quapaws, 

 Modocs, Senecas, Eastern Shawnees, Miamis, and 

 Wyandottes, and number in all 1,388. By section 

 16 of the act of March 3, 1893, the President was 

 authorized to appoint three commissioners to enter 

 into negotiations with the Five Civilized Tribes for 

 extinguishment of tribal titles to lands in Indian 

 Territory, looking to the ultimate creation of a 

 State or States of the Union which shall embrace 

 these lands. The three commissioners appointed by 

 the President and confirmed by the Senate were 

 Henry L. Dawes, of Massachusetts, Meredith H. 

 Kidd, of Indiana, and Archibald S. McKeunon, of 

 Arkansas, who went to Indian Territory at the 

 close of the year 1893, but have as yet made no 

 report. 



Iowa. One reservation, owned in fee by pur- 

 chase, has an area of 4J square miles. The popula- 

 tion of 398 Pottawatomies, Sacs and Foxes of the 

 Mississippi, and Winnebagoes is under an agent. 



Kansas. Five reservations under one agency. 

 The area is 51 square miles, and the population of 

 Chippewas and Munsees, Sacs and Foxes of the 

 Missouri, lowas, Kickapoos, and Prairie Band of 

 Pottawatomies numbers 1,124. 



Michigan. Three reservations under one agency, 

 with an area of 9J square miles. The population 

 of Chippewas. Pottawatomies, and Ottawas are 

 all citizens of the United States, voters, and eligible 

 to office. They are not known or recognized by 

 tribal relations either by State laws or treaties, and 

 in every respect, so far as the rights of citizenship 

 arc concerned, stand on an equality with the 

 whites. 



Minnesota. Ten reservations under two agen- 

 cies. The area is 3,505f square miles. The popu- 

 lation, of Chippewas only, is 7,280. 



Montana. Six reservations under as many agen- 

 cies. The total area is 14,660 square miles. The 

 population of 10,783 consists principally of Black- 



feet, Bloods and Piegans, Crows, Kootenais (from 

 Idaho), Flatheads, Gros Ventres, Assiniboines, 

 Yanktonnais, and 1,333 Northern Cheyennes. 



Nebraska. Five reservations under three agen- 

 cies. The total area is 196| square miles. The 

 population of Sioux. Winnebagoes, Omahas, and 

 Poncas numbers 3,889. 



Nevada. Four reservations under two agencies. 

 The total area is 1,490^ square miles. The popula- 

 tion of Pah-Utes, Pi-Utes, and Shoshones num- 

 bers 8,537. 



New Mexico. Four reservations (counting the 

 19 small Pueblo reserves as one) under two agencies. 

 The total area is 2,808 square miles. The popula- 

 tion of Mescalero and Jicarilla Apaches and Pueb- 

 los numbers 9,834. 



New York. Eight reservations under one agency. 

 The area is 137 square miles. The population of 

 Senecas, Cayagus, Onondagas, Oneidas, Tuscaroras, 

 and St. Regis Indians numbers 5,135. 



North Carolina. One reservation, of 102 square 

 miles, owned by purchase. The population of 

 Eastern Cherokees numbers 2,893, and is under an 

 agency. 



North Dakota. Four reservations under three 

 agencies. The total area is 5,957^ square miles. 

 The population chiefly of Sioux. Chippewas, Arick- 

 arees, Gros Ventres, Mandans, Yanktonnais, Hunk- 

 papas, and Blackfeet numbers 8,134. 



Oklahoma. Thirteen reservations under five 

 agencies, have a total area of 10.859 square mile.-. 

 The population, of 12,570, consists of 23 tribes, thj 

 largest of which are the Cheyennes, Osages, Co- 

 manches, Kiowas, and Arapahoes. 



Oregon. Five reservations under four agencies. 

 The total area is 2,540 square miles. The popula- 

 tion, made up of several small bands, numbers 

 4,565, and of these 600, under no agent, roam the 

 country along Columbia river. 



South Dakota. Seven reservations under six 

 agencies. The total area is 15,371 square miles. 

 The population, of Sioux in various bands and 

 Cheyennes, is 18,861. 



Utah. Two reservations under one agency, with 

 an area of 6.207 square miles. The population, of 

 Utes, numbers 2,160, of whom 390 are not under 

 an agent. 



Washington. Twenty reservations, under five 

 agencies, have an area of 6,323 square miles. Tin.' 

 population, made up of small tribes, as in Oregon, 

 numbers 9.334, of whom 200 are not under an 

 agent.* 



Wisconsin. Seven reservations, under two agen- 

 cies, have an area of 651i square miles. The popu- 

 lation, of Chippewas, Oneidas (from New York). 

 Menomenees, Stockbridges and Munsees, Winne- 

 bagoes, and Pottawatomies, numbers 9,089, of whom 

 1,210 are not under an agent. 



Wyoming 1 . One reservation under an agency, 

 with an area of 2,828 square miles. The popula- 

 tion, of Northern Arapahoes and Shoshones, n um- 

 bers 1,748. 



In Florida there are 565 Seminole Indians; in 

 Indiana, 318 Miamis: in Maine, 410 Old Town In- 

 dians : and in Texas, 290 Alabamas, Cushattas, and 

 Muskogees. 



Industries. As regards the character of tin) 

 lands included in these reservations, exclusive of 

 Indian and Oklahoma Territories, the greater par, 

 is worthless for farming without irrigation, and ac- 

 cordingly appropriations have been made by Con- 

 gress for irrigation on the reservations. For thi* 

 purpose $30,000 were expended during the fiscal 

 year 1896. The law of March 3, 1875, requires t ha 

 able-bodied Indians between the ages of eigMeeii 

 and forty-five must labor in order to be entitled to 

 rations, and they yearly receive instruction in farm- 



