ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 





ncy-General, that the Government could not permit 

 any sectarian institution to be constructed on pub- 

 Uc lands. 



The only episcopal appointment made in the year 

 was that of the Right Rev. John F. Cunningham to be 

 Bishop of Concordia, Kan. Other appointments 

 were: The Very Rev. George Searle, C. S. P.. di- 

 rector of the Vatican Observatory ; Very Rev. John 

 S. Xahm, C. S. C., provincial of the Fathers of the 

 I Idly Cross; Right Rev. A. Schmitt, 0. S. B., abbot 

 of St. Meinrad's Monastery in Indiana ; Rev. Cas- 

 sinn Augier, Superior General of the Oblates of 

 Mary Immaculate; Very Rev. John J. Fedigan, 

 provincial of the Order of St. Augustine in America ; 

 Might Rev. Edmond M. Obrect, abbot of the Trappist 

 Monastery at Gethsemane, Kentucky. On April 14 

 was held the diamond jubilee of the priesthood of 

 Might Rev. William Vaughan, Bishop of Plymouth ; 

 on April 27, the silver episcopal jubilee of Most Rev. 

 William H. Gross, Archbishop of Oregon; on May 

 4, of Most Rev. M. A. Corrigan, Archbishop of New 

 York ; on Oct. 5, the golden jubilee of Right Rev. B. 

 J. McQuaid, Bishop of Rochester. At the same time 

 the cathedral of Rochester was consecrated. 



The bishops and distinguished priests who died 

 in 1898 were : Very Rev. James McGtath, provin- 

 cial of the Oblate Fathers in America ; Mgr. Edward 

 McColgan, Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Bal- 

 timore; Right Rev. Fentan Mundwiler, 0. S. B., 

 abbot of St. Meinrad's ; Most Rev. J. B. Salpointe, 

 Archbishop of Sante Fe ; Right Rev. Thomas Mc- 

 Govern, Bishop of Harrisburg ; and Most Rev. Wil- 

 liam Hickley Gross, Archbishop of Oregon. 



Alaska. The second Catholic church to be built 

 in the Klondike region was dedicated in Dawson 

 City, August 12. It replaced a smaller one burned 

 four months earlier, and was the gift of one man. 

 The church had in 1898 a congregation of 600. 



Canada. In presenting the papal encyclical on 

 the subject of the Manitoba elementary schools the 

 archbishops of Canada took occasion to set forth 

 their position toward this question and the princi- 

 ples involved in it for Catholics. They counseled 

 moderation, and advised the people to tolerate the 

 system until such a time as they were enabled to 

 demand what they should consider a just system of 

 elementary education. Until then it was necessary 

 to continue to support both Catholic and state 

 schools. 



Of the eight archbishops of Canada, three died in 

 1S!J8 : Right Rev. James Vincent Cleary, Archbishop 

 of Kingston; His Eminence Cardinal Taschereau, 

 Archbishop of Quebec; and Most Rev. John Walsh, 

 Archbishop of Toronto. Other deaths were Right 

 Rev. Louis Lootens, Bishop of Victoria, B. C.. and 

 Might Rev. Francis Louis LaFleche, Bishop of Three 

 Rivers. Most Rev. Louis Nazaire Begin was ap- 

 pointed Archbishop of Quebec; Most Rev. Charles 

 II. Gautier, Archbishop of Kingston; and Right 

 Rev. Alexander Christie, Bishop of Vancouver Is- 

 land. 



The vicariate of Pontiac was erected into the 

 diocese of Pembroke on Sept. 21, and Right Rev.Nar- 

 cisse Zephyrin Lorain by apostolic letter was ap- 

 pointed its first bishop. ' The Catholic population 

 of Canada in 1898 was 2.184,480. 



Great Britain. The Catholic hierarchy of Eng- 

 land in January published a vindication of the 

 bull "Apostolica? Cura\" by which the Pope in 

 September, 1896, decided that the Catholic Church 

 could not recognize as valid the orders administered 

 by bishops of the Anglican establishment. To 

 this bull two Anglican 'prelates had sent a reply, 

 urging that Anglican ordination constituted a valid 

 priesthood (sacerdotinm) as it was understood in 

 the early Christian doctrine. The vindication of 

 the Catholic hierarchy pointed out that an essential 



difference between the two orders was one of inten- 

 tion, if the Anglican communion held that < hri>t 

 did not institute a priesthood such as was held to 

 be conferred in Catholic sacramental ord- 

 sacerdotium in which the minister offers up <'hri-t. 

 really and objectively present as the victim. Tin 

 Anglican bishops were requested to define what 

 they meant by the priesthood of the Cath 

 Church, and whether the powers they believed t. 

 pertain to it involved the offering of a" real or only 

 of a symbolic sacrifice. If the real presence was 

 held to be a part of the ceremony of the Anglican 

 Ciiiirch, one barrier between the two orders wa- 

 moved. If the sacrifice on the other hand was held 

 to be symbolic merely, the ordaining prelates of the 

 Anglican Church, since they did not believe in 

 powers such as were held to belong to Catholic 

 priests, could not have the requisite intention of 

 conferring them. 



Cardinal Vaughan, under date of Dec. 28, sent 

 a pastoral letter to the clergy of the archdiocese, 

 apropos of the conquest of the Soudan by the sirdar, 

 and the consequent opening for the establishment 

 of missions. He expressed a hope that the American 

 Church would join in the work, and that the enmity 

 entertained in France toward England in the Sou- 

 dan might disappear in the common work of civil- 

 izing the country. 



In the United Kingdom and its colonies in 1898 

 there were 28 archiepiscopal and 104 episcopal 

 and 28 vicariates apostolic and prefectures apos- 

 tolic. Two archiepiscopal sees, 4 episcopal - 

 5 vicariates apostolic, and 2 prefectures apostolic 

 were vacant. The number of archbishops and 

 bishops holding office in the British Empire was 

 167, which included 11 coadjutors and 4 bishops 

 auxiliary. In England there were 3,212 pri 

 2,247 secular and 965 regular clergy serving 1,854 

 churches. 



The estimated Catholic population of the United 

 Kingdom was as follow : England, 1,500,000; Scot- 

 land, 365,000; Ireland, 3,550,000. There were 31 

 Catholic peers, 18 Catholic lords not peers, .V> 

 Catholic baronets, 19 Catholic members of the 

 Privy Council, 3 Catholic members of the House of 

 Commons for England and 69 for Ireland. The 

 Building Committee for the new Catholic cathedral 

 at Westminster received in September a gift of 

 $100,000 from an anonymous layman. The silver 

 episcopal jubilee of Bishop Hedley. of Newport, was 

 celebrated on Dec. 30, in Cardiff. Bishop \\ ilkinson 

 of Hexham and Newcastle on Dec. 23 celebrated 

 his golden jubilee. 



On May 12, the territory comprising the vicar- 

 iate of Wales was erected into a diocese under the 

 title of Menevia. 



The archbishops and bishops of Scotland in July 

 received an encyclical letter from his Holiness, by 

 which they were" admonished against the errors of 

 private judgment in the interpretation of Holy 

 Scripture, and warned against the false teaching re- 

 garding the Holy Eucharist prevalent in England. 



Right Rev. Hugh McDonald, Bishop of Aberdeen, 

 died on May 29. 



Ireland. The Catholics of Ireland continued 

 during the year their agitation for the establish- 

 ment of a university for Catholics. Though it was 

 unsuccessful so far as any direct legislation was 

 concerned, it resulted in the conviction, by many 

 members of the English Legislature, that the de- 

 mand was reasonable and just. Mr. Balfour speak- 

 ing as leader of the House of Commons, in Febru- 

 ary, declared that it filled him with dismay that 

 'Parliament should tamely aeqniesre in aeondition 

 of things which practically and substantially de- 

 prives two thirds of the population of Ireland of 

 higher educational advantages." To the annual 



