SERVIA. 



be reached only by descending a ravine 80 feet in 

 depth and ascend'ing a precipitous acclivity of a 

 similar height. The fort was taken in the face of 

 fierce opposition. From 1873 to 187G, Commander 

 Schley was engaged in educational duties at the 

 Naval Academy. His next promotion, whereby he 

 became entitled to the rank of a commander, was 

 gazetted while he was instructing the cadets at 

 Annapolis, on June 10, 1874. 



Following this term of land service came three 

 years on the sea. Officially his post was on what 

 was known as the Brazil station. When on the 

 " Kssex," which he commanded in 1879-'80, Com- 

 mander Schley went to the vicinity of the South 

 Shetland Islands in search of a missing sealer, and 

 rescued a shipwrecked crew on the island of Tris- 

 tan d'Acunha. From 1880 to 1883 Commander 

 Schley officiated as lighthouse inspector, and also 

 was connected with the work of the Bureau of 

 Equipment. In 1884 he volunteered to command 

 a relief expedition in search of Lieut. Adolphus W. 

 Greely and his company of arctic explorers. The 

 United States vessels "Thetis" and "Bear" were 

 fitted out for this special purpose, and promptly 

 dispatched. The Greely party, when found, on 

 June 22, 1884, gave evidence of utter exhaustion 

 and rapidly approaching collapse. Lieut. Greely 

 and six of his associates were discovered at Cape 

 Sabine, Grinnell Land. The searching expedition, 

 under Commander Schley, passed through 1,400 

 miles of ice during the voyage. Shortly after his 

 return he was commissioned by the Naval Depart- 

 ment as chief of the Bureau of Equipment and Re- 

 cruiting, and he held that place creditably for four 

 years. While doing duty in the bureau, Com- 

 mander Schley was promoted to the rank of captain. 

 His first sea service as captain was undertaken on 

 the " Baltimore," a protected cruiser, which was 

 launched Oct. 6, 1888, and placed in commission 

 Jan. 7, 1890. Capt. Schley's connection with the 

 " Baltimore," however, began in 1889. He retained 

 command of this vessel three years, and after that 

 was for three years lighthouse inspector. This 

 term ended in 1895, during which year he served as 

 a member of the Board of Inspection and Survey 

 (March to October). 



On Oct. 5, 1895, Capt. Schley assumed command 

 of the armored cruiser " New York," and he re- 

 mained in charge of that vessel until March, 1897. 

 From March, 1897, to March, 1898, he was chair- 

 man of the Lighthouse Board. In the month pre- 

 ceding the termination of his work in this capacity 

 Capt. Schley was promoted to the rank of commo- 

 dore. When war began between Spain and the 

 United States, Commodore Schley was selected to 

 command the flying squadron, and his flag was 

 raised on the cruiser "Brooklyn," on which ship 

 he remained while the war was in progress. His 

 rations during the campaign are described un- 



r UNITED STATES. 



The recommendation of the President that Com- 

 modore Schley be made rear admiral was net acted 

 upon by Congress before its adjournment, owing to 

 a dispute between his friends in that body and 

 those of Rear-Admiral Sampson, as to the part 

 taken by each of these officers in the naval opera- 

 tions before and after the exit of Admiral Cervera's 

 fleet from Santiago harbor. Commodore Schley 

 appeared recently before an examining board and 

 qualified for promotion to the rank of rear admiral. 

 In 1886 he published, with James Russell Soley, 

 I a book entitled " The Rescue of Greely." 



SERVIA, a monarchy in southeastern Europe. 

 The legislative body is a single chamber called the 



I"' ipshtina, composed of 198 members elected by 

 votes of all male Servians paying 15 dinars, or 

 ncs, in direct taxes. The reigning King is Al- 



exander I, born Aug. 14, 1876, who succeeded in 

 1889 to the throne vacated by the abdication of hi 

 father, Milan I, and assumed the government in 

 person on April 13, 1893. The ministry, consti- 

 tuted on Oct. 23, 1898, was composed as' follows: 

 President of the Council and Minister of Foreign 

 Affairs, Vladan Georgevich ; Minister of the Inte- 

 rior, Jefrem A. Andonovich ; Minister of Finance, 

 Steva D. Ponovich ; Minister of Commerce, Agri- 

 culture, and Industry, Sima Lozanich ; Minister of 

 Public Instruction and Worship, Andrea George- 

 vich ; Minister of Justice, Costa N. Cristich ; Minis- 

 ter of War, Col. D. Vukovich ; Minister of Public 

 Works, Gen. J. Atanatskovich. 



Area and Population. The area of Servia is 

 19,050 square miles. The population on Jan. 1. 

 1898, was computed to be 2,384,205, consisting of 

 1,224,756 males and 1,159,449 females. The num- 

 ber of marriages in 1897 was 21,157; of births, 101,- 

 605; of deaths, 63,237; excess of births, 38.368. 

 Belgrade, the capital, had in 1898 a population of 

 59,259. 



Finances. The budget for 1898 makes the total 

 revenue 68,824,500 dinars, of which 22.035,000 di- 

 nars came from direct taxes, 6,000,000 dinars from 

 customs, 3,850,000 dinars from excise, 2,500,000 

 dinars from law courts, 19,461,000 dinars from 

 monopolies, 3,034,500 dinars from domains, posts, 

 and telegraphs, etc., 660,000 dinars from instruction 

 and sanitary service funds, 6.200,000 dinars from 

 the state railroad, and 5,084,000 dinars from other 

 sources. The total expenditures were fixed at 68,- 

 822,569 dinars, of which 1,200,000 dinars were for 

 the King's civil list, 360,000 dinars for ex-King 

 Milan's allowance, 76,810 dinars for court employees, 

 20,762,545 dinars for the debt, 150,000 dinars for 

 the Skupshtina, 155,816 dinars for the Council of 

 State, 341,500 dinars for general credits, 2,714,451 

 dinars for pensions and subventions, 1,722,531 di- 

 nars for justice, 2,927,081 dinars for public instruc- 

 tion and worship, 1,644,217 dinars for foreign af- 

 fairs, 3,353,750 dinars for the interior, 8,227.415 

 dinars for finance, 15,754,613 dinars for war, 4,764,- 

 903 dinars for public works, 3,227,927 dinars for 

 agriculture and commerce, 426,258 dinars for mis- 

 cellaneous expenses, and 1,012,652 dinars for audit- 

 ing accounts. 



The public debt on Jan. 1, 1898. amounted to 

 409,537,500 dinars, of which 353,500,000 dinars con- 

 sisted of the 4-per-cent. conversion loan of 1895. 



The Army. Under the law of 1896 every Ser- 

 vian is liable to serve two years in the standing 

 army. The effective strength provided for in the 

 budget of 1897 was 661 infantry officers and 14,000 

 men, 101 cavalry officers and 1,400 men, 270 ar- 

 tillery officers and 4,000 men, 65 engineer officers 

 and 1,000 men, 10 officers of train and 300 men, 49 

 sanitary officers and 500 men, and 68 administrative 

 officers and 24 officers on the general staff. The 

 war strength is estimated at 110,245 men of all 

 ranks in the five divisions of the regular army, 14,- 

 863 outside of division formations, 35,643 in depots 

 and recruiting stations. 126,610 in the first ban, 

 and 66,005 in the second ban ; total, 353,366 offi- 

 cers and men. 



Commerce. The total value of the imports m 

 1897 was 45,314,000 dinars, and of the exports 55.- 

 940,000 dinars. Of the imports 2,153,000 dinars 

 and of the exports 21,625,000 dinars were horti- 

 cultural and agricultural products; 839,000 dinars 

 of imports and 3.713,000 dinars ef exports were 

 articles of food and drink ; 3,733,000 dinars of ex- 

 ports were colonial product* ; 1.227,000 dinars of 

 imports and 24,587,000 dinars of exports were ani- 

 mals and animal products; 4,260,000 dinars of im- 

 ports and 3.256,000 dinars of exports were hides, 

 leather, and rubber; 5,147,000 dinars of imports 



