Y10 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



and the immigration 7.807. Stockholm, the capital, 

 at the end of 1897 had 288,602 inhabitants ; Gote- 

 borg, 20.522. 



Finances. In the budget for 1899 the total reve- 

 nue isestimatedat 123,393,000 kroner (1 krone = 28.6 

 cents). In this sum is included the balance from 

 preceding budgets, amounting to 12,615.000 kronor. 

 The receipts classed as ordinary amount to 22,- 

 603,000 kronor, of which 1,694,000 kronor are land 

 taxes, 1,400,000 kronor tonnage dues, 2,200,000 kro- 

 nor rent of domains, 665,000 kronor personal tax, 

 10,000,000 kronor railroad profits, 1,510.000 kronor 

 telegraph revenue, 4,000,000 kronor receipts from 

 forests, and 1,134,000 kronor various receipts. The 

 extraordinary sources of revenue yield 80,175,000 

 kronor, of which 41,000.000 kronor are receipts from 

 customs, 9,925,000 kronor from the post office, 4,400,- 

 000 kronor from stamps, 15,500.000 krouor from 

 the spirit duty, 9,000,000 kronor from the sugar 

 duty, 5,600,000 kronor from the income tax, and 

 750,000 kronor from various sources. The state 

 bank pays out of its profits 2,000,000 kronor. 



The total expenditures for 1899 are estimated at 

 123,393,000 kronor, the same as the revenue. Of 

 these 82.089,724 kronor are ordinary and 28,024,076 

 kronor extraordinary expenditures. Of those classed 

 as ordinary 1,320,000 kronor are for the royal house- 

 hold, 3,842,450 kronor for justice, 606,750 kronor 

 for foreign affairs, 26,528,460 kronor for the army, 

 7,164,965 kronor for the navy, 5,756,200 kronor for 

 the interior, 14,222,099 kronor for worship and edu- 

 cation, 3,429,450 kronor for pensions, and 19,219,350 

 kronor for finance, including 2,713.000 kronor for 

 the customhouse, 9,143,600 kronor for the post 

 office, 450,000 kronor for control of excise, 1,510,000 

 kronor for telegraphs, 1,380,550 kronor for forests, 

 and 4,022,200 kronor for other expenses. Of the 

 extraordinary expenditures, 9,000,725 kronor are 

 for the army and navy, and 19,023,351 kronor for 

 other purposes. The expenses of the debt are 11,- 

 588,507 kronor, besides 1,650,000 kronor set aside as 

 a fund for insuring workingmen against accidents. 

 The surplus remaining to be carried over to the 

 next budget is 40,693 kronor. 



The public debt in 1898 amounted to 238,723,944 

 kronor, of which 48,759,500 kronor represent an in- 

 ternal loan paying 3.6 per cent, interest, and the 

 remainder foreign loans raised at various times, for 

 the most part at 3 per cent, interest. 



Defense. The Swedish army is composed of 2 

 regiments of royal foot guards and 1 of horse guards, 

 5 regiments, 2 battalions of infantry and 1 battalion 

 of rifles, 4 regiments of cavalry, and the artillery, 

 engineers, and train, all enlisted troops except the 

 line infantry, which contain Indelta troops ; the In- 

 delta, consisting of 19 regiments of infantry and 3 

 regiments of cavalry, the former supporting them- 

 selves on allotments of land, the latter paid and 

 kept by the landowners; and conscripted troops, 

 drawn from the whole male population to the num- 

 ber of about 24,000 a year. The men of the reg- 

 ular army are enlisted for two or three years. Its 

 strength is 1,953 officers and 30,889 men, with 38,- 

 854 horses and 240 guns. 



The navy, which is intended for coast defense 

 only, contains 4 small ironclads of about 1,500 tons 

 displacement, carrying 9.4-inch guns in two turrets ; 

 3 of about 3,000 tons, having 10-inch guns in the 

 turrets and a quick-firing armament ; and 3 of 3,300 

 tons, 2 of them not yet completed, with a stronger 

 secondary battery. There are also 9 gunboats, 

 each carrying a 9.4-inch gun in the bow. 



The fortifications on the coast are the fortress of 

 Carlskrona, flanked by Westra Hasholmen and 

 Kungsholmen, and works at Waxholm, and Oscar 

 Fredriksborg defending Stockholm in its vicinity. 

 A commission appointed in May, 1897, has perfect- 



ed plans for extending the fortifications at Stock- 

 holm, completing those at Carlskrona and forts be- 

 gun at Carlsberg and on the island of Gothland, 

 fortifying Goteborg and building a fort on the 

 neighboring Vesterberget, and erecting a fortress 

 at Boclen, in Norrland, the whole to be finished in 

 ten years at a cost of 21,000.000 kronor. 



Commerce. The commerce in 1896 amounted to 

 358,315,000 kronor for imports and 340,283,000 

 kronor for exports. The value of coal imported 

 was 32,581,000 kronor; coffee, 26,759,000 kronor; 

 rye and wheat, 23,264,000 kronor; woolen goods, 

 16,039,000 kronor ; hides and skins, 11,977,000 kro- 

 nor; machinery, 16,553,000 kronor; woolen yarn. 

 9,914,000 kronor; iron manufactures, 13,716.000 

 kronor ; cotton, 9,724,000 kronor ; petroleum, 7,123,- 

 000 kronor ; cotton goods, 7,309,000 kronor ; tobacco, 

 7,227,000 kronor; fish, 7,073,000 kronor: wool, 

 4,422,000 kronor; vegetable oils, 6,156,000 kronor; 

 wood manufactures, 4,512,000 kronor : pork prod- 

 ucts, 5,408.000 kronor; paper, 3,909,000 kronor; 

 silks, 3,371,000 kronor; wine, 3,555,000 kronor: 

 clothing, 3,087,000 kronor : iron, 3,253,000 kronor. 

 The exports of timber amounted to 131,208,000 kro- 

 nor ; butter, 44,660,000 kronor ; machinery, 7,617.- 

 000 kronor ; iron, 42,187.000 kronor ; wood pulp, 14,- 

 432,000 kronor ; fish, 7,554,000 kronor ; matches. 

 5,830,000 kronor; iron manufactures, 6,771,000 kro- 

 nor ; paper, 6,729,000 kronor ; oats, 4,784,000 kronor : 

 live animals, 6,630,000 kronor ; glass, 5,100,000 kro- 

 nor ; cotton goods, 3,799,000 kronor. 



The values of the trade in 1896 with the different 

 countries are given in kronor in the following table : 



Navigation. There were entered during 1896 at 

 Swedish ports 15,847 Swedish, 2,456 Norwegian, and 

 14,438 foreign vessels; total, 32,741 vessels, of 

 7,051,000 tons, of which 12,273, of 2,706,000 tons, 

 were with cargoes. There were cleared 15,884 

 Swedish, 2,524 Norwegian, and 14,437 foreign ves- 

 sels ; total. 32,845 vessels, of 7,068,000 tons, of which 

 21,311, of 5,191,000 tons, carried cargoes. Among 

 the vessels entered 15,163, of 5,659,000 tons, among 

 those cleared 15,248, of 5,660,000 tons, were steamer.-;. 



The merchant marine on Jan. 1, 1897. numbered 

 2,013 sailing vessels, of 290,855 tons, and 756 steam- 

 ers, of 205,964 tons. 



Com inimical ions. The State railroads at tin- 

 end of 1897 had a total length of 2,282 miles and tlie 

 lines belonging to companies a length of 4,066 mi IPS. 



The post office in 1896 transmitted 56.954,000 in- 

 ternal, 13,312,000 international, and 226,000 transit 

 letters; 6,753,000 internal, 1,031,000 internal icmal. 

 and 19,000 transit postal cards; 82,224,000 internal, 

 6,186,000 international, and 45,000 transit newspa- 

 pers and circulars; and 3,315,000 internal and 342,- 

 000 international money letters and post-office or- 

 ders of the respective values of 774,111,000 and 61,- 

 584,000 francs. The receipts were 13,607,303 francs : 

 expenses, 12,191,481 francs. 



