18 



ANTI-WOM AN-SUF FR AGE. 



ARCHEOLOGY. 



volumes, and sent to 50 of the most prominent 

 public libraries in the State, and has received a 

 large number of letters expressing appreciation 

 of the convenience of these volumes for reaching 

 the general public. Our literature has received 

 some valuable additions through the Albany aux- 

 iliary, the Massachusetts Association, and the 

 Remonstrants of Illinois. A very large number 

 of leaflets has been sold or distributed by the 

 secretary, especially in other States. 



" In January a petition was sent to the Legis- 

 lature praying it not to strike the word ' male ' 

 out of Article II, section 1, of the Constitution, 

 and a set of our pamphlets was sent to every 

 member of the Senate and Assembly. On March 

 24 Mrs. Francis M. Scott, with several other mem- 

 bers of the Executive Committee, appeared before 

 the Judiciary Committee of the Senate to protest 

 against the same change in the Constitution. 

 Mrs. Scott's arguments were listened to with in- 

 terest, and in spite of the large number of promi- 

 nent suffragists who appeared in favor of their 

 petition the bill to report the question to the 

 Senate was ' killed in committee.' On April- 14, 

 when a number of us appeared, ready to speak 

 for our side in a hearing appointed before the 

 Judiciary Committee of the Assembly, we were 

 informed that there was no need our being heard, 

 as the bill had met the same fate in the Assembly 

 committee that it had in that of the Senate. This, 

 we think, is really a gain, for when we remember 

 that two years ago both committees reported 

 favorably, and that Senate and Assembly both 

 voted in favor of the question going to the people, 

 we have reason to think that our appearance, 

 with a strong, earnest association behind us to 

 oppose the submission of the question to the 

 people, had influence with the committees." 



In the annual report for 1898 work among 

 wage-earners was reported which proved that, 

 save in socialistic-labor circles, the working 

 woman in New York does not desire the ballot. 

 " Opposition to woman suffrage was organized in 

 Iowa. Manhattan reported an enrollment of 

 2,000, Brooklyn of 900, while in the entire State 

 the membership reached into the tens of thou- 

 sands. No paper for signatures was circulated at 

 meetings among working people or other assem- 

 blies gathered to hear our arguments." This re- 

 port mentions that for 1899 Manhattan had dis- 

 tributed 13,544 pamphlets, Brooklyn 3,720, and 

 Albany auxiliary 20,000. On Feb. 22 of that year 

 a joint hearing was given the association before 

 the Judiciary Committees of the Senate and .As- 

 sembly. Before December, 1899, there were anti- 

 suffrage associations (besides those mentioned) 

 in South Dakota, Washington, California, and 

 Oregon. Oregon has organized to protest against 

 the passing of a suffrage amendment that is to 

 be submitted to the people in June next. In their 

 address to the voters the women say: 



" We believe that only a small percentage of 

 the women of our State ask for or desire the 

 ballot. Our school elections prove, as do those 

 of every State in the Union which permits women 

 to vote at such elections, that the great majority 

 of Oregon women do not use the ballot even in 

 school matters, in which they may be presumed 

 to take special interest on account of their chil- 

 dren. We believe that the majority should rule 

 in this as in other political matters, and that a 

 small though eager minority of our sex should 

 not force the ballot (and its attendant privileges 

 of sitting on juries and running for offices) upon 

 the far larger number of women who do not de- 

 sire to vote. We have no quarrel with our suf- 

 fragist sisters, but we protest against their being 



regarded as representatives of the true opinion 

 of Oregon women upon this vital subject. We 

 also believe that the adoption of this suffrage 

 amendment would necessarily lead to serious com- 

 plications in both the political and social condi- 

 tions of the State, and that such complications 

 would be harmful to the State in every way." 



In their address to the women they say : " The 

 entrance of our sex into politics would not raise 

 or purify politics; it would only lower women 

 instead. Woman's influence and woman's sphere 

 are larger now than she can fully use or fill. Our 

 true career lies in developing and enjoying what 

 we already possess, not in grasping restlessly for 

 a vain shadow of power. ' The hand that rocks 

 the cradle rules the world.' " 



The main points of the antisuffrage argument 

 are the following: 



' Recognition of a fundamental difference be- 

 tween men and women, which reveals the fact 

 that their Maker has appointed them to different 

 tasks of equal dignity and value. Recognition 

 of the fact that the suffrage theory, carried to 

 its natural, inevitable conclusion, would array 

 woman against man, and that such a catastrophe 

 could only end in destruction of every principle 

 of human hope or progress. Recognition of the 

 fact that woman suffrage is based on principles 

 that are at war with a republican form of gov- 

 ernment, and would, if attempt were made to put 

 the ballot into woman's hand to any serious ex- 

 tent, endanger the freedom whose first object is 

 now the protection of woman. Recognition of 

 the fact that woman's progress has been steadi- 

 est and most in accord with Christian civilization 

 where she has hot had the ballot and has least 

 desired it. All these positions the women who 

 are carrying on a steady, unassuming work of 

 opposition say they are prepared to maintain by 

 argument and illustration. 



The secretary of the Central Association is Mrs. 

 George Phillips, No. 445 West Twenty-first Street, 

 New York. 



The first published book opposed to woman 

 suffrage was Horace Bushnell's Woman Suffrage: 

 The Reform Against Nature (New York, 1869). 

 A later and much more comprehensive treatise on 

 the subject is Helen Kendrick Johnson's Woman 

 and the Republic (New York, 1897). Pamphlets 

 opposing the extension of suffrage to women have 

 been written by Goldwin Smith, Francis Park- 

 man, Abram S. Hewitt, Mrs. Schuyler Van Rensse- 

 laer, Francis M. Scott, Rossiter Johnson, Helena 

 De Kay Gilder, Edward Drinker Cope, and others, 

 and have been printed and circulated by the as- 

 sociation. 



ARCHAEOLOGY. American. The Ameri- 

 can Archaeological Institute has been very ef- 

 ficient in encouraging exploration of antiquities 

 in Italy and Greece, and .has co-operated with the 

 American schools at Rome and Athens, under 

 whose direction much information has been sys- 

 tematically collected and verified respecting many 

 of the ancient cities and their life and art. Fpr 

 the sake of drawing these three institutions 

 into closer union meetings of their councils or ex- 

 ecutive committees have been arranged to be held 

 at the same time, or together. Such meetings 

 were held, May 11 to 13, at Columbia University. 

 The Archaeological Institute adopted measures 

 intended to revive interest in American archae- 

 ological exploration, which had been conducted 

 with less vigor within a few years past than 

 before. 



Indian Remains on the North Pacific 

 Coast. Researches carried on by Harlan I. 

 Smith in connection with the Jesup expedition 



