AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



than sufficient to cover the cost of administra- 

 tion, estimated at 19,185,820 florins. 



The Army. The period of service in the 

 Austro-Hungarian army is three years in the 

 line and seven years in the reserve. Those not 

 drawn for active service are enrolled in the sup- 

 plementary reserve, the Ersatztruppen, or in the 

 Landwehr. After completing the whole term in 

 the common army, the discharged soldiers are 

 enrolled for two years in the Landwehr or na- 

 tional army, called the Honved in Hungary, and 

 after that they can be called out for the defense 

 of the nation as members of the Landsturm until 

 they are forty-two years old. For those enrolled 

 at once in the Landwehr at the age of twenty- 

 one the period of service is twelve years. The 

 Landwehr in time of peace is only called out 

 periodically for instruction and exercise. The 

 annual contingent for the common army is 59,211 

 in Austria and 43,899 in Hungary; total, 103,100. 

 The annual contingent for the Landwehr is about 

 10,000 in Austria and 12,500 in Hungary. 



The common army on the peace footing in 1898 

 had 3,738 officers and 3,843 men in the staff, 1,536 

 officers and 7,680 men in the military establish- 

 ments, 9,454 officers and 177,109 men in the in- 

 fantry, 1,874 officers and 45,506 men in the cav- 

 alry, 1,636 officers and 28,152 men in the field 

 artillery, 412 officers and 7,760 men in the fortress 

 artillery, 575 officers and 9,918 men in the pio- 

 neers, 79 officers and 2,854 men in the sanitary 

 corps, and 393 officers and 3,253 men in the train. 

 The Austrian Landwehr had 2,168 officers and 

 20,657 men in the infantry and 196 officers and 

 1,899 men in the cavalry; the Honved, 2,132 of- 

 ficers and 20,797 men in the infantry and 390 

 officers and 4,200 men in the cavalry. The total 

 peace strength was 24,583 officers and 333,628 

 men, or 358,211 of all ranks, with 47,757 horses 

 and 1,048 guns. The war strength is 45,238 offi- 

 cers and 1,826,940 men, with 281,886 horses and 

 1,864 field guns. The infantry is armed with the 

 Mannlicher rifle, having a caliber of 8 millimetres 

 and 5 cartridges in the magazine, the cavalry 

 with the saber and a repeating carbine, and the 

 artillery with 9- and 7-centimetre bronze guns. 



The Navy. The fleet in 1899 consisted of 1 

 second-class and 7 third-class battle ships, 8 ves- 

 sels for port defense, 1 first-class, 3 second-class, 

 and 8 third-class cruisers, 12 gunboats, and 32 

 first-class, 31 second-class, and 8 third-class tor- 

 pedo boats. Of the newer constructions, the most 

 notable are the barbette ships Monarch, Wien, 

 and Buda-Pesth, displacing 5,550 tons, with 10.6- 

 inch Harveyized armor over the vital parts, 

 armed with 4 9.4-inch, 6 5.9-inch quick-firing, and 

 14 47-millimetre quick-firing guns, with 4 torpedo 

 tubes, and having engines of 8,500 horse power, 

 capable of speeding 17 knots. A similar battle 

 ship of 7,800 tons displacement is under construc- 

 tion, and one of 8,000 tons displacement has been 

 begun. Built on the model of the cruiser Maria 

 Theresa, launched in 1893, the larger Kaiser 

 Karl VI, of 6.250 tons displacement, was launched 

 in 1898, having 10.6-inch armor, engines of 12,300 

 horse power, giving a speed of 20 knots, and an 

 armament of 2 9.4-inch, 8 5.9-inch quick-firing, 

 and 18 other machine guns. The torpedo cruiser 

 Zenta, lately launched, will be followed by an- 

 other. The programme of construction, which 

 follows out the original plan of a purely de- 

 fensive fleet of the highest efficiency, provides for 

 a total force of 15 armor clads between 6,000 

 and 9,000 tons, 7 second-class cruisers ranging 

 between 4,000 and 7,000 tons, 7 cruisers between 

 1.500 and 2,500 tons, 15 torpedo gunboats,' and 

 90 torpedo boats of the various classes. 



Commerce and Production. The total value 

 of the special imports into the customs terri- 

 tory, including both monarchies and Bosnia and 

 Herzegovina, was 755,300,000 florins in 1897, and 

 the total value of exports was 766,200,000 florins. 

 The values of the chief imports in the special 

 commerce were 50,769,000 florins for raw cotton, 

 40,186,000 florins for cereals, 38,503,000 florins 

 for wool, 31,382,000 florins for coal and fuel, 

 26,238,000 florins for coffee, 25,971,000 florins for 

 tobacco, 22,110,000 florins for hides and skins, 

 21,427,000 florins for leather, 19,662,000 florins 

 for machinery, 19,374,000 florins for metals other 

 than iron, 18,932,000 florins for woolen yarn, 17,- 

 978,000 florins for wine, 14,218,000 florins for 

 silk goods, 13,359,000 florins for eggs, 11,292,000 

 florins for silk manufactures, 11,240,000 florins 

 for live animals, and 10,317,000 florins for cot- 

 ton yarn. The values for the principal exports 

 were 61,382,000 florins for sugar, 43,921,000 

 florins for eggs, 39,975,000 florins for cereals, 37,- 

 770,000 florins for lumber, 27,289,000 florins for 

 timber, 26,857,000 florins for lignite, 25,174,000 

 florins for horses, 24,453,000 florins for malt, 

 22,428,000 florins for glassware, 20,335,000 florins 

 for live animals, 18,464,000 florins for woolen 

 goods, 17,033,000 florins for hides and skins, 16,- 

 208,000 florins for leather gloves, 9,787,000 florins 

 for staves, 9,463,000 florins for feathers, 8,334,000 

 florins for shoes, 7,296,000 florins for beer, and 

 4,436,000 florins for wine. 



The value of the gold and silver coin and 

 bullion imported during 1897 was 99,867,928 

 florins; exports, 51,651,584 florins. 



The amount of the trade in 1897 with the 

 principal countries' is shown in the following 

 table, giving the values of the imports from and 

 the exports to each country in florins: 



The special imports of Hungary from all coun- 

 tries, including Austria, in 1897 were 554,814,000 

 florins in value ; exports, 540,980,000 florins. The 

 chief imports were cotton goods for 62,170,000 

 florins, woolen goods for 38,797,000 florins, cloth- 

 ing for 16,901,000 florins, wine in casks for 15,- 

 219,000 florins, silk goods for 12,295,000 florins, 

 refined sugar for 10,742,000 florins, and coffee 

 for 9,632,000 florins. The chief exports were 

 wheat, barley, and maize for 84,379,000 florins, 

 flour for 84,007,000 florins, cattle, pigs, and 

 horses for 70,403,000 florins, wine in casks for 17,- 

 040,000 florins, cask staves for 10,456,000 florins, 

 eggs for 8,125,000 florins, and wool for 7,150,000 

 florins. The . imports from Austria were 428,- 

 756,000 florins, and exports to Austria 412,113,000 

 florins in value; imports from Germany were 

 27,565,000 florins, and exports to Germany 50,- 

 956,000 florins; imports from Great Britain were 

 5,025,000 florins, and exports to Great Britain 

 11,115,000 florins. 



The export trade of Austria has been lan- 

 guishing for some time as the result of the active 



