DENMARK. 



ture was the election of a successor to United 

 States Senator George Gray. The Republicans 

 had a majority of 10 on joint ballot; but the di- 

 vision between the regular Republicans and the 

 Union Republicans, or " Addicksites," caused a 

 deadlock, which continued through the session, 

 and no Senator was chosen. One hundred and 

 thirteen ballots were taken. J. Edward Addicks 

 was the candidate of the Union Republicans; the 

 regular Republicans voted for H. A. Du Pont, 

 F. G. Du Pont, William S. Hilles, Anthony Hig- 

 gins, Levi C. Bird, W. C. Spruance, J. S. Willis, 

 Joseph H. Chandler, Hiram R. Burton, P. L. Can- 

 non, and H. A. Richardson; and the Democrats 

 for George Gray, L. Irving Handy, J. G. Gray, 

 J. B. Pennington, Willard Saulsbury, John A. 

 Nicholson, John Biggs, and John Pyle. 



An incident of the voting was the defection of 

 three Democrats one Senator and two Repre- 

 sentatives who on the last day voted for J. E. 

 Addicks. They were severely censured by their 

 party, and requested to resign their seats by the 

 Democratic State Central Committee. They gave 

 as a reason that they wished to defeat the elec- 

 tion of a regular Republican. 



Charges of bribery in connection with the sena- 

 torial contest were freely made. It was believed 

 that money had been used, and a member of the 

 Legislature asserted that it had been offered to 

 him by another member to induce him to vote 

 with the Union Republicans; and an indictment 

 was found against the accused member, who was 

 acquitted after trial by jury. 



The statute forbidding the attachment of wages 

 in New Castle County, except for board and lodg- 

 ing, was brought to test in the Superior Court, 

 and was declared constitutional. 



DENMARK, a kingdom in northern Europe. 

 The legislative body, called the Rigsdag, consists 

 of an upper house, the Landsthing, containing 66 

 members, 12 appointed for life by the Crown and 

 54 elected by the highest taxpayers, and the 

 Folkething, or popular assembly, composed of 114 

 members elected by all male citizens over thirty 

 years of age, with the exception of domestic 

 servants and recipients of public charity. 



The reigning King is Christian IX, born April 

 18, 1818, the son of the Duke of Schleswig-Hol- 

 stein-Sonderburg-Gliicksburg, who by the Treaty 

 of London, signed on May 8, 1852, was appointed 

 successor of Frederick VII, the last King of the 

 house of Oldenburg, and on the demise of the 

 latter came to the throne on Nov. 15, 1863. The 

 heir apparent is Prince Frederik, born June 3, 

 1843. 



The Cabinet was composed in the beginning 

 of 1899 of the following members: President of 

 the Council and Minister of Finance, H. E. Hb'r- 

 ring ; Minister of the Interior, V. de Bardenfleth ; 

 Minister of Justice and for Iceland, N. R. Rump; 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs ad interim and Min- 

 ister of Marine, Vice-Admiral N. F. Ravn ; Minis- 

 ter of War, Col. C. F. F. E. Tuxen; Minister of 

 Public Instruction and Ecclesiastical Affairs, 

 Bishop H. V. Sthyr; Minister of Agriculture, Al- 

 fred Hage. 



Area and Population. The city of Copen- 

 hagen, covering 8 square miles, had 312,859 in- 

 habitants in 1890; islands in the Baltic, 5,024 

 square miles, 917,401; the peninsula of Jutland, 

 9,743 square miles, 942,121. The total area is 

 14,775 square miles, with a population of 1,059,- 

 322 males and 1,112,983 females, not including 

 the Faroe Islands, which have an area of 514 

 square miles and 12,955 inhabitants. The popu- 

 lation of the kingdom in the beginning of 1898 

 was estimated at 2,310,000. The number of mar- 

 VOL. xxxix. 16 A 



riages in 1897 was 17,488; of births, 69,522; of 

 deaths, 38,712; excess of births, 30,810. The num- 

 ber of emigrants in 1897 was 2,260, chiefly bound 

 for the United States. 



Finances. The revenue for 1899 was esti- 

 mated at 68,568,723 kroner; expenditure, 68,430,- 

 032 kroner. For 1900 the estimate of revenue is 

 68,162,192 kroner, of which 821,220 kroner are 

 the balance from the domain revenues, 5,030,199 

 kroner interest on assets of the state, 10,467,500 

 kroner proceeds of direct taxes, 48,019,000 kroner 

 indirect taxes, mainly customs and excise, 332,- 

 460 kroner net receipts from posts and telegraphs, 

 570,312 kroner separate revenues, 1,100,000 kroner 

 the balance from lotteries, and 1,821,501 kroner 

 revenue from the employment of property and 

 funding of debt. The disbursements are esti- 

 mated at the sum of 67,970,912 kroner, of which 

 1,203,200 kroner are for the civil list and ap- 

 panages, 319,016 kroner for the Rigsdag and 

 Council of State, 6,828,100 kroner for interest and 

 expenses of the debt, 3,356,812 kroner for civil 

 and military pensions, 698,556 kroner for the 

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2,448,895 kroner for 

 the Ministry of Agriculture, 4,850,478 kroner for 

 the Ministry of the Interior, 4,594,797 kroner for 

 the Ministry of Justice, 4,461,425 kroner for the 

 Ministry of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, 

 10,316,835 kroner for the Ministry of War, 6,996,- 

 844 kroner for the Ministry of Marine, 4,168,378 

 kroner for the Ministry of Finance, 78,431 kroner 

 for Iceland, 5,425,489 kroner for extraordinary 

 state expenditure, and 12,403,656 .kroner for im- 

 provement of state property and reduction of 

 debt. 



The public debt on March 31, 1898, amounted 

 to 208,193,351 kroner, paying mostly 3 per cent, 

 interest. The invested reserve fund amounted to 

 17,890,461 kroner; the total investments to 73,- 

 164,075 kroner, not including the state railroads, 

 valued at 218,021,694 kroner, nor the domains. 



The Army and Navy. The army is divided 

 into two general commands. The infantry is 

 formed in 5 brigades of 2 regiments each, the 

 regiment having 3 line battalions and 1 in 

 reserve, the war strength of each battalion being 

 21 officers and 1,050 men. It is armed with the 

 Krag-Jorgensen rifle of 1889, of 8 millimetres. 

 The cavalry consists of 5 brigades of 3 squad- 

 rons, the full effective of the squadron being 

 5 officers and 150 men. The artillery com- 

 prises 2 regiments of field artillery, each con- 

 sisting of 2 sections of 3 batteries, the war 

 effective being 4 officers and 200 men, with 8 steel 

 guns of 9 centimetres caliber, and 1 regiment 

 of fortress artillery, composed of 3 battalions 

 of 4 companies of line and 2 of reserve. The 

 engineers are organized in 1 regiment of 9 

 line companies and 2 in reserve. The peace ef- 

 fectives in 1898 were 50 officers and 25 men in the 

 staff; 450 officers, 1,170 noncommissioned offi- 

 cers, and 5,072 men in the infantry; 90 offi- 

 cers, 167 noncommissioned officers, and 480 

 men in the cavalry; 160 artillery officers, 370 

 noncommissioned officers, and in the field ar- 

 tillery 324 and in the fortress artillery 975 

 men; 50 officers, 80 noncommissioned officers, 

 and 270 men in the engineers ; and 24 officers and 

 11 noncommissioned officers in the reserve corps 

 of Copenhagen and Bornholm; total. 814 officers, 

 1,824 noncommissioned officers, and 7,121 men. 

 In case of war the reported strength of the army 

 is 1,448 officers and 63,134 noncommissioned of- 

 ficers and men, with 128 pieces of artillery. 



The navy comprises 5 armor clads, 3 monitors, 

 2 large and 3 small cruisers, 8 gunboats, 3 school 

 ships, 1 torpedo vessel, and 13 first-class and 12 



