EAST AFRICA. 



258 



British. The former campaign that Major Mac- 

 Donald had conducted against the Soudanese with 

 17 Indian regulars and 340 Suahilis at the out- 

 set, rising to 2,000 of all classes at the close of 

 the operations, had extended over 40,000 square 

 miles. The British forces had the co-operation 

 of the Protestant Waganda and Wasoga chiefs, 

 who commanded 3,300 rifles. The losses on the 

 British side were 280 killed and 555 wounded; 

 those of the Soudanese mutineers and their allies 

 were estimated at 1,300. When the rebellion 

 broke out afresh in the fall of 1898 Uganda was 

 garrisoned with a regiment of Indian troops, 400 

 faithful Soudanese, and a small force of Suahilis. 

 As Col. Martyr was about to start on his expedi- 

 tion to the Nile two companies of his troops were 

 ordered to remain behind in Unyoro, w r here the 

 Soudanese mutineers had reappeared. On Oct. 

 10 Lieut. J. A. Hannington, while marching to 

 Masindi, a fort in the middle of Unyoro with 30 

 Baluchi soldiers, was attacked by a body of Sou- 

 danese and compelled to retreat to the fort at 

 Kisilaza, losing 17 men, their baggage, and some 

 of their arms. The mutineers, who had lost 

 about 100 men, attacked the fort, but withdrew 

 after losing 25 more. Troops were hastily sum- 

 moned v to defend the country against the Nu- 

 bians, Mwanga's people, and Kabarega's people, 

 who were all joined together, about 300 Soudan- 

 ese and 600 natives, who had captured three 

 Waganda forts. Another rebel chief joined them 

 later from Buddu, and they returned to the siege 

 of Kisiliza, intending after its capture to march 

 upon Mengo, the capital of Uganda. A mutiny 

 of the Suahili company of the Uganda Rifles 

 added to the complications of the situation, but 

 this was promptly quelled. About this time 

 Lieut.-Col. Evatt arrived with more troops from 

 India. He marched at once to the relief of the 

 beleaguered garrison. The Indian troops in the 

 fort repeatedly repelled attacks of greatly supe- 

 rior forces, inflicting severe losses upon them, 

 and w r hen the re-enforcements arrived the rebels, 

 who were suffering greatly from scarcity of food, 

 were quickly surrounded by various columns of 

 Government troops. The movement of troops 

 was difficult in the jungle grass, 12 feet high and 

 more, that covered the country; but the Wa- 

 ganda auxiliaries could move as fast as the 

 rebels, and made their escape impossible. On 

 Dec. 6 Bilal Effendi, the leader of the Soudanese, 

 was killed in action, 40 prisoners were taken, and 

 the mutineers were broken up and dispersed. The 

 rebellious Roman Catholic chiefs began to make 

 terms of peace. Mwanga was quite disheartened, 

 but he was kept a virtual prisoner by Kabarega. 

 The rebels were driven from point to point, and 

 as they lost ground the British gained allies. 

 The remnant of the rebel forces was finally over- 

 taken and defeated by Col. Evatt on the east 

 bank of the Nile on April 9, 1899. They made 

 a stout resistance, losing 300 men. Kabarega, 

 completely disabled with wounds, was taken 

 prisoner, and Mwanga also. This ended the re- 

 bellion. The two chiefs were deported. An en- 

 tire change in the administration of the protecto- 

 rate had already been decided upon. Sir Harry 

 H. Johnston, distinguished as an African admin- 

 istrator, was appointed in the place of Mr. 

 Berkeley, but with the power to reorganize the 

 Avhole system of government, with the title of 

 special commissioner, commander in chief, and 

 consul general. The Waganda, who had aided 

 the British effectually in the last war, were taken 

 into the service as soldiers to replace the Soudan- 

 ese and the Suahili. The new administrator was 

 no longer unable to communicate with the Lon- 



don authorities, but could send and receive dis- 

 patches by the telegraph within twenty-four 

 hours. 



Major MacDonald started from Uganda with 

 the avowed object of delimitating the British 

 and Italian interests on the river Juba, but the 

 ultimate object of pushing forward into the Nile 

 valley if possible, so as to prevent the French 

 from acquiring a position on the west bank of 

 the Nile. The country north of Mount Elgon 

 as far as Lake Choga was first explored, then 

 the country beyond to the western shore of Lake 

 Rudolf and farther north, where the Abyssinians, 

 in order to forestall the British, had preceded 

 them with an army which had devastated the 

 whole region. On the return march the column 



A STEEET IN BERBERA. 



was beset by the nomadic and warlike Tur- 

 khanas. Another column advanced from Mount 

 Elgon through Karamoyo and Bukhora in the 

 direction of Lado, on the Nile, but turned about 

 when it came into the dangerous proximity of a 

 force of mutinous Soudanese, who had escaped 

 from Uganda, up to Lakuka. Capt. Kirkpatrick, 

 while exploring the borders of Karamoyo, was 

 murdered by the Nakwai, who afterward fought 

 a battle w r ith the main force. Another tribe at- 

 tacked a detachment on Mount Elgon, and short- 

 ly afterward the expedition, finding that no sup- 

 plies had been sent up, started for the coast, 

 arriving at Mombasa on March 4, 1899. The 

 region traversed was in the main a high plateau, 

 healthful, and covered with good pasturage, with 

 mountains rising to 10,000 feet. 



A later expedition, under Col. Martyr, had for 

 its object to occupy the country from Uganda 



