GERMANY. 



A. Nieberding; Imperial Treasury, Freiherr von 

 Thielniann; Imperial Post Office, Lieut. -Gen. Von 

 Podbielski; Imperial Railroads, Dr. Schulz; Im- 

 perial Exchequer, Herr Von Wolff: Imperial In- 

 valid Fund, Dr. Rosing; President of the Imperial 

 Bank, Dr. Koch: President of the Imperial Debt 

 Commission, Herr Von Hoffmann. 



Area and Population. The total area of Ger- 

 many is 208,830 square miles. The population 

 on Dec. 2, 1895, was 52,279,901, divided into 25,- 

 001,250 males and 20,018,051 females. One half 

 of the population lives in towns of upward of 

 2,000 inhabitants. The number of persons sup- 

 ported by mining, metal works, and other indus- 

 tries in 1895 was 20,253,241 ; by agriculture, cattle 

 raising, etc., 18,008,003: by commerce and trade, 

 5.900,840: by forestry, hunting, and fishing, 432,- 

 644; employed in domestic and other service, 

 880,807: engaged in the professions, 2,835,014; 

 without occupation, 3,327,009. The number of 

 foreign residents in 1895 was 486,190, of whom 

 222,952 were Austro-Hungarians, 50,743 Dutch, 

 44,875 Swiss, 28,146 Danes, 20,559 Russians and 

 Finns, 22.093 Italians, 19,019 French, 15,788 from 

 the United States, 15,290 British, 11,755 Luxem- 

 burgers, 8,947 Belgians, 8,937 Swedes, 2,154 Nor- 

 wegians, 3,310 other Europeans, and 4,410 from 

 other countries outside of Europe. The number 

 of marriages in 1896 was 432,107; of births, 1,979,- 

 747; of deaths, 1,103,904; excess of births, 815,- 

 783. The number of emigrants in 1897 was 24,- 

 631, of whom 20,346 were bound for the United 

 States, 936 for Brazil, 1,765 for other countries in 

 America, 1,115 for Africa, 324 for Australia, and 

 145 for Asia. Besides Germans, 64,419 emigrants 

 from Austria-Hungary, Russia, and other coun- 

 tries embarked at German ports, while 6,573 Ger- 

 man emigrants sailed from Rotterdam and Am- 

 sterdam, still more from Antwerp, and an 

 unknown number from French ports. Of those 

 who sailed from German, Dutch, and Belgian 

 ports, 12,972 were males and 10,248 females. The 

 number of families was 2,609, comprising 8,476 

 individuals. Of the total number sailing from 

 German ports, Antwerp, Rotterdam, and Amster- 

 dam, 13,497 were from Prussia, 2,638 from Ba- 

 varia, 1,401 from Wiirtemberg, 1,449 from Ham- 

 burg, 950 from Saxony, 815 from Baden, 506 from 

 Bremen, 468 from Hesse, 271 from Oldenburg, 217 

 from Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and 198 from Alsace- 

 Lorraine. The population of the principal towns 

 on Dec. 2, 1895, was as follows: Berlin, 1,677,- 

 304; Hamburg, 625,552; Munich, 407,307; Leip- 

 sic, 399,963: Breslau, 373,169; Dresden, 336,440; 

 Cologne, 321,564; Frankfort on the Main, 229,- 

 279; Magdeburg, 214,424; Hanover, 209,535; Diis- 

 seldorf, 175,985; Konigsberg, 172,796; Nuremberg, 

 162,386; Chemnitz, 161,017;' Stuttgart, 158,321; 

 Altona, 148,944; Bremen, 141,894; Stettin, 140,- 

 724; Elberfeld, 139,337; Strassburg, 135,608; Char- 

 lottenburg, 132,377; Barmen, 126,992; Dantzic, 

 125,605; Halle on the Saal, 116,304; Brunswick, 

 115,138; Dortmund, 111,232; Aachen, 110,551; 

 Krefeld, 107,245. 



Finances. The revenue of the Imperial Gov- 

 ernment for 1899 was fixed at 1,355,460,500 marks 

 from ordinary sources and 57,427,000 marks from 

 loans and other extraordinary sources; total, 

 1,412,886,500 marks. The extraordinary revenue 

 was applied to military and other designated pur- 

 poses. The ordinary expenditures were estimated 

 at 1.384,152,000 marks. The total expenditures, 

 including the extraordinary disbursements, came 

 to 1,441.578,600 marks, according to the esti- 

 mates. The estimated receipts from customs and 

 excise were 701,490,000 marks, and from stamps 

 60,842,000 marks; total tax revenue, 762,332,000 



marks. The receipts from customs, tobacco, 

 spirits, and stamp duties in excess of 130,000,000 

 marks are repaid to the various states. This 

 surplus in 1899 amounted to 441,328,000 marks. 

 The expenditures of the Imperial Government in 

 excess of the receipts from taxation and other 

 sources are assessed on the states in proportion 

 to their population. These federal contributions 

 in 1899 were fixed at 475,526,600 marks. Included 

 in the revenues are the receipts from posts and 

 telegraphs, amounting to 39,771,200 marks, 1,639,- 

 300 marks from the imperial printing office, 26,- 

 320,900 marks from railroads, 5,988,300 marks 

 from the Imperial Bank, 14,470,200 marks from 

 the various departments, 28,646,500 marks of in- 

 terest on the Invalid fund, and 565,000 marks 

 of interest on the Imperial fund. The expendi- 

 tures under the separate heads were 689,400 

 marks for the Reichstag, 228,400 marks for the 

 Imperial Chancellery, 11,360,700 marks for the 

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 40,755,600 marks for 

 the Ministry of the Interior, 511,892,500 marks 

 for the army, 62,750,900 marks for the navy, 

 2,008,200 marks for the Ministry of Justice, 446,- 

 750,900 marks for the Imperial Treasury, 373,200 

 marks for the railroad bureau, 73,858,800 marks 

 for expenses of the debt of the empire, 809,000 

 marks for the audit office, 61,713,100 marks for 

 the Pension fund, and 28,646,600 marks for the 

 Invalid fund; total ordinary recurring expendi- 

 ture, 1,241,836,900 marks. The total of nonre- 

 curring and extraordinary expenditures was 199,- 

 741,700 marks. The total expenses of the army, 

 ordinary and extraordinary, were 608.202,000 

 marks; of the navy, 122,054,000 marks. Of the 

 federal contributions Prussia paid 277,727,700 

 marks, Bavaria 60,196,800 marks, Saxony 33,046,- 

 600 marks, Wurtemberg 21,047,700 marks, Baden 

 16,327,700 marks, Alsace - Lorraine 15,544,700 

 marks, Hesse 9,054,000 marks, Hamburg 5,941,600 

 marks, Mecklenburg-Schwerin 5,212,000 marks, 

 Brunswick 3,787,300 marks, Oldenburg 3,258,400 

 marks, Saxe-Weimar 2,959,400 marks, Anhalt 

 2,558,000 marks, Saxe-Meiningen 2,040,000 marks, 

 Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 1,887,900 marks, Bremen 

 1,713,000 marks, Saxe-Altenburg 1,574,100 marks, 

 Lippe 1,177,300 marks, Mecklenburg-Strelitz 885,- 

 300 marks, Schwarzburg - Rudolstadt 773,800 

 marks, Liibeck 726,300 marks, Schwarzburg-Son- 

 dershausen 679,200 marks, Reuss-Greiz 588,200 

 marks, Waldeck 503,400 marks, Schaumburg- 

 Lippe 359,300 marks, and Reuss-Schleiz 156,900 

 marks. 



The funded debt of the empire in 1898 amount- 

 ed to 2,141,242,300 marks, of which 901,242,300 

 marks pay 3 per cent., 790,000,000 marks 3A per 

 cent., and 450,000,000 marks 4 per cent, interest: 

 The unfunded debt consists of treasury bills to 

 the amount of 120,000,000 marks. A war treasure 

 of 120,000,000 marks is hoarded in the fortress 

 of Spandau. The Invalid fund of 424,613,700 

 marks is -invested. 



The budget and debts of the individual states 

 for 1899, or in the case of a few for 1898, are. 

 given in marks in the table on the next page. 



The debts were incurred in nearly all cases 

 for railroads and other remunerative improve- 

 ments. Some of the states own the railroads free 

 of debt, and derive most of their revenue from 

 these and the mines and forests belonging to 

 them. In Alsace-Lorraine there are 998 miles 

 of state railroads. In Anhalt more than half the 

 public revenue is derived from state property. In 

 Baden the whole debt was incurred for railroads, 

 which pay a net profit of 15,000,000 marks a 

 year. Of the Bavarian debt, 1,069,000,000 marks 

 were borrowed for railroad construction, and the 



