GERMANY. 



325 



marks a year. The whole of Bremen's debt was 

 incurred for railroads, harbor works, and other 

 useful improvements. Four fifths of the debt 

 of Brunswick are represented by railroads, be- 

 sides which the state possesses valuable domains 

 and forests and invested funds amounting to 

 42,000,000 marks. The railroads have been trans- 

 ferred to the Imperial Government in return for 

 an annual payment of 2,625,000 marks, ceasing 

 in 1932. The duke's civil list of 1,125,000 marks 

 is not paid out of the ordinary revenue, nor is 

 the expenditure of 2,612,880 marks a year for 

 schools and art and science included in the budg- 

 et, the means being derived from a special fund. 

 In the debt of Brunswick an annuity of 1,219,740 

 marks, running till 1924, is not reckoned. The 

 debt of Hamburg was raised mainly for harbor 

 improvements and other public works. Against 

 the debt of Hesse the state possesses the rail- 

 roads, which were responsible for 210,584,000 

 marks of the total, and active funds amounting 

 to 10,734,000 marks. In Lippe the farms and 

 forests constituting the domains are the entailed 

 estate of the princely house, and the expenses of 

 the court are defrayed from their revenues. 

 Lubeck derives a sixth of its revenue from forests 

 and domains and a fourth from invested funds, 

 while a fourth of the expenditure is for interest 

 and amortization of the debt. In Mecklenburg- 

 Schwerin, besides the common budget of the 

 Grand Duke and the two states, given above, 

 the states have small separate budgets, and the 

 Grand Duke has an independent income of 19,- 

 200,000 marks a year. The interest of the rail- 

 road debt of 9,660,000 marks is covered by an 

 annuity of 960,000 marks, and that of the con- 

 solidated debt by state funds. In Mecklenburg- 

 Strelitz more than half the land is owned by 

 the Grand Duke, and the rest by federal nobles 

 and town corporations. The whole of the public 

 revenue forms the civil list of the Grand Duke, 

 whose Minister of State publishes no accounts 

 of revenue and expenditure. In Oldenburg the 

 debt is fully covered by the value of the rail- 

 roads. 



In Prussia 86,529,004 marks of the revenue 

 were derived from domains and forests, 1,600,000 

 marks from other receipts of the Ministry of 

 Agriculture, 170,397,700 marks from direct taxa- 

 tion, 75,114,000 marks from indirect taxes, 82,- 



474,000 marks from the state lottery, 2,344,000 

 marks from the Marine Bank, 358,920 marks 

 from the mint, 134,797.310 marks from mines, fur- 

 naces, and salt works belonging to the Govern- 

 ment, 1,209,717,256 marks from the state rail- 

 roads, 285,240 marks from dotations, 314,803,652 

 marks from the general financial administration, 

 4,465,478 marks from the Ministry of State, 4,600 

 marks from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 

 2,126,430 marks from the Ministry of Finance, 

 9,629,000 marks from the Ministry of Public 

 Works, 2,612,076 marks from the Ministry of 

 Commerce and Industry, 68,018,500 marks from 

 the Ministry of Justice, 13,099,184 marks from 

 the Ministry of the Interior. 4,578,046 marks from 

 the Ministry of Agriculture, 4,572,688 marks 

 from the Ministry of Public Worship and In- 

 struction, and 300 marks from the Ministry of 

 War. Of the total expenditures of Prussia for 

 1899, the sum of 44,660,320 marks was for work- 

 ing expenses of the Ministry of Agriculture, Do- 

 mains, and Forests, 121,980,090 marks for those 

 of the Ministry of Finance, 118,522,731 marks 

 for those of the Ministry of Commerce and In- 

 dustry, 693,897,782 marks for the administration 

 of railroads, 8,000,000 marks for an addition to 

 the Crown dotation of the King, 224,133,416 

 marks for interest of the public debt, including 

 the railroad debt, 38,911,332 marks for the sink- 

 ing fund of the debt, 184,860 marks for the Herr- 

 enhaus, 1,215,920 marks for the Chamber of 

 Deputies, 277,523,878 marks for the federal con- 

 tribution to the expenses of the Imperial Govern- 

 ment, 72,858,164 marks for appanages, annuities, 

 indemnities, etc., 7,340,169 marks for administra- 

 tive expenses of the Ministry of State, 551,300 

 marks for those of the Ministry of Foreign Af- 

 fairs, 91,395,047 marks for those of the Ministry 

 of Finance, 29,053,432 marks for those of the 

 Ministry of Public Works, 8,932,573 marks for 

 those of the Ministry of Commerce and In- 

 dustry, 103,145,000 marks for those of the Min- 

 istry of Justice, 60,259,739 marks for those 

 of the Ministry of the Interior, 20,877,014 marks 

 for those of the Ministry of Agriculture, Do- 

 mains, and Forests, 129,958,014 marks for 

 those of the Ministry of Public Worship and In- 

 struction, and 137,527 for those of the Ministry 

 of War. The sum of all these is 2,055,891,380 

 marks, the total ordinary expenditure, to which 

 are added 131,636,004 marks of estimated ex- 

 traordinary expenditures. The expenditure for 

 the army and navy forms part of the imperial 

 budget. The bulk of the national debt pays 3J 

 per cent, interest, only 835,000,000 marks having 

 been funded at 3 per cent. 



The revenue of Reuss-Greiz passes through the 

 hands of the Prince, who has the sole executive 

 power, and shares the legislative power with the 

 Diet. In Reuss-Schleiz two thirds of the revenue 

 are derived from domains. The state had an 

 invested fund of 5,455,000 marks. In Saxe- 

 Coburg-Gotha the revenue from domains, amount- 

 ing to 439,600 marks for Coburg and 2,144,226 

 marks for Gotha, is kept separate from the state 

 revenue, and each state has its special revenue 

 942,840 marks for Coburg and 2,052,570 marks 

 for Gotha which is not included in the common 

 budget as given above. The debt of Coburg is 

 2,778,300 marks, and that of Gotha 146,558, both 

 nearly or quite covered by productive public 

 works. In Saxe-Meiningen also most of the debt 

 is covered by productive investments, while the 

 domains produce a third or more of the public 

 revenue. In Saxe-Weimar the productive capital 

 more than offsets the debt, and the state forests 

 yield a large part of the state revenue. The ordi- 



