328 



GERMANY. 



ton cloth, 83,457,000 marks; hosiery, 82,276,000 

 marks; leather goods, 74,534,000 marks; coarse 

 cottons, (59,078,000 marks; aniline dyes, 67,028,- 

 000 marks; wooden wares, 63,498,000 marks; 

 paper, 59,410,000 marks. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at German ports during 1897 was 77,117. of 16,- 

 489,970 tons, counting vessels entered at more 

 than one port only once: cleared, 77,734, of 16,- 

 626,628 tons. Of the vessels entered 66,383, of 

 15,305,328 tons, and of those cleared 56,580, of 

 11,046,178 tons, were with cargoes, while 10,734 

 of those entered, of 1.184,642 tons, were with 

 ballast, and of those cleared 21.154, of 5,580,4_50 

 tons. Of the vessels entered with cargoes 48,578, 

 of 8,091,316 tons, were German; 5,469, of 4,421,869 

 tons, were British; 4,801, of 822,676 tons, were 

 Danish; 3,711, of 744,755 tons, were Swedish; 

 1,245, of 563,703 tons, were Norwegian; 1,744, of 

 260,368 tons, were Dutch; and 604, of 201,945 

 tons, were Russian. Of the number cleared with 

 cargoes 44.301, of 7,018,987 tons, were German 

 ships; 3,065, of 2,090,279 tons, were British; 

 4,454, of 660,509 tons, were Danish; 2,187, of 501,- 

 908 tons, were Swedish; 750, of 311,909 tons, were 

 Norwegian; 1,322, of 204,277 tons, were Dutch; 

 and 342, of 121,509 tons, were Russian. At the 

 port of Hamburg 10,921 vessels, of 6,942,906 tons, 

 were entered, of w r hich 9,779, of 6,498,402 tons, 

 were with cargoes and 1,142, of 444,504 tons, 

 in ballast; and 11,616, of 7,168,888 tons, were 

 cleared, of which 9,076, of 4,930,707 tons, were 

 with cargoes and 2,540, of 2,238,181 tons, in bal- 

 last. At Bremen the number entered was 3,997, 

 of 1,770,223 tons, of which 3,825, of 1,708,243 tons, 

 were with cargoes; and the number cleared was 

 4,217, of 1,757,312 tons, of which 2,588, of 1,276,- 

 174 tons, were with cargoes. At Stettin the num- 

 ber entered was 4,467, of 1,459,880 tons, of which 

 4,384, of 1,416,258 tons, were with cargoes; the 

 number cleared was 4,317, of 1,464,553 tons, of 

 which 3,056, of 815,368 tons, were with cargoes. 

 At Kiel the total number entered was 3,140, of 

 514,469 tons; cleared, 3,060, of 512,266 tons. At 

 Liibeck the number entered was 2,866, of 542,809 

 tons; cleared, 2,862, of 546,328 tons. At Dantzic 

 the number entered was 1,837, of 699,595 tons; 

 cleared, 1,864, of 703,830 tons. At Konigsberg 

 the number entered was 1,590, of 326,827 tons; 

 cleared, 1,698, of 369,614 tons. 



The German merchant fleet on Jan. 1, 1898, 

 comprised 2,522 sailing vessels, of 855,571 tons, 

 and 1,171 steamers, of 969,800 tons. Of the sail- 

 ing vessels 2,050, of 526,262 tons, and of the 

 steamers 737, of 747,142 tons, belonged to North 

 Sea ports, while 509 sailing vessels, of 76,703 tons, 

 and 389 steamers, of 142,818 tons, belonged to 

 Baltic ports. The total number of seamen was 

 42,428. Of the steamers 1,163 and of the sailing 

 vessels 527 were built entirely of steel or iron. 

 The number of vessels engaged in coasting and 

 in inland navigation was at the same date 22,564, 

 of which 21,945 had a total declared tonnage of 

 3,371,247 tons. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The 

 railroads of the German Empire in the beginning 

 of 1898 had a total length of 29,461 miles, all 

 belonging to the Government, imperial or state, 

 except 2,502 miles, of which 172 miles were op- 

 erated by the Government. These figures do not 

 include 2,012 miles not open to public traffic nor 

 819 miles of narrow gauge, of which the Gov- 

 ernment owned 390 miles. The capital invested 

 in the railroads was 11,680,193,000 marks. The 

 receipts in 1897 were 1,595,242,000 marks, and 

 expenses 889,053,000 marks, showing net receipts 

 equal to 6.05 per cent, of the capital. There were 



transported 270,628,000 metric tons of freight, 

 which paid 1,041,790,000 marks in 1897, and 646,- 

 461,000 passengers, paying 428,142,000 marks, not 

 including 175,000 soldiers not paid for. 



The imperial post office in 1897 forwarded 1,292,- 

 091,978 letters, 515,399,716 postal cards, 626,085,- 

 928 books and circulars, 984,174,761 newspapers, 

 41,507,744 samples, and post-office orders and 

 registered letters remitting 25,865,972,482 marks; 

 the Bavarian post office forwarded 136,921,360 let- 

 ters, 32,483,120 postal cards, 57,229,693 books and 

 circulars, 198,517,392 newspapers, 3,360,220 sam- 

 ples, and postal orders and letters remitting 

 1,166,487,285 marks; and the Wiirtemberg post 

 office forwarded 55,342,092 letters, 21,039,304 

 postal cards, 30,731,889 books and circulars, 49,- 

 137,301 newspapers, 1,316,926 samples, and or- 

 ders and letters remitting 1,410,036,763 marks. 

 The total traffic of all three services was 1,484,- 

 355,430 letters, 568,922,140 postal cards, 714,047,- 

 510 books and circulars, 1,231,829,454 newspapers, 

 46,184,890 samples, and post-office orders and 

 registered letters of the aggregate value of 29,- 

 442,496,530 marks. 



The length of telegraphs in the imperial postal 

 district in 1897 was 74,013 miles, with 295,742 

 miles of wire; in Bavaria, 10,128 miles, with 30,- 

 800 miles of wire; in Wiirtemberg, 3,372 miles, 

 with 9,892 miles of wire; total, 87,513 miles of 

 line and 336,434 miles of wire. The imperial lines 

 forwarded 25,693,469 internal and 9,823,895 for- 

 eign telegrams in 1897; the Bavarian lines 2,249,- 

 248 internal and 584,769 foreign telegrams; the 

 Wiirtemberg lines 1,207,659 internal and 201,052 

 foreign telegrams; total, 29,150,376 internal and 

 10,609,716 foreign telegrams. The receipts of the 

 imperial postal and telegraph services for 1898 

 were 324,783,298 marks, and expenses 290,956,745 

 marks; Bavarian receipts were 29,337,071 marks, 

 and expenses 25,673,901 marks; total receipts for 

 the empire, 367,839,846 marks; total expenses, 

 328,074,820 marks, leaving a surplus of 39,765,026 

 marks for the united services, the surplus of the 

 imperial service being 33,826,553 marks, of the 

 Bavarian service 3,663,170 marks, and of the 

 Wiirtemberg service 2,275,303 marks. 



Dependencies. The German possessions in 

 Africa have an aggregate area estimated at 930,- 

 760 square miles, with about 10,200,000 inhabit- 

 ants (see CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA, 

 EAST AFRICA, and WEST AFRICA). In Asia Ger- 

 many holds under a lease from the Chinese Gov- 

 ernment the naval station of Kiau-Chau Bay, on 

 the Shantung peninsula. The leased land area 

 is about 120 square miles, with 60,000 inhabit- 

 ants. The neutral zone, over which the German 

 Imperial Governor has control, is 2,500 square 

 miles in extent, with 1,200,000 inhabitants. The 

 town and harbor were occupied by a German 

 naval force in December, 1897, transferred to Ger- 

 many for ninety-nine years by treaty on March 

 6, 1898, and declared a German protectorate on 

 April 27, 1898. A garrison of 1.500 marines and 

 artillerists is stationed there. The sum voted for 

 administrative expenses in 1900 is 8,500,000 

 marks. The Government has acquired land from 

 the Chinese owners with the object of establish- 

 ing a European settlement after improving the 

 harbor and declaring the place a free commercial 

 port. German investors will have the privilege 

 of working the Wiehsien and Pashan coal mines, 

 about 100 miles inland, and of building railroads 

 to the boundary of Shantung province through 

 these coal fields and to Chin-Chao and Tsinan. 



In the Pacific Ocean Germany possesses Kaiser 

 Wilhelm's Land in New Guinea, having an area 

 of about 70,000 square miles and a population 



