GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



343 



tary of State for the Colonies, Joseph Chamber- 

 lain; Secretary of State for War, the Marquis 

 of Lansdowne; Secretary of State for India, Lord 

 George Hamilton; First Lord of the Admiralty, 

 G. J. Goschen; President of the Local Govern- 

 ment Board, Henry Chaplin; President of the 

 Board of Trade, C. T. Ritchie; Lord Lieutenant 

 of Ireland, Earl Cadogan; Lord Chancellor of 

 Ireland, Lord Ashbourne, formerly Edward Gib- 

 son ; Secretary for Scotland, Lord Balfour of Bur- 

 leigh; First Commissioner of Works, A. Akers- 

 Douglas; President of the Board of Agriculture, 

 W. H. Long. 



Area and Population. The area of the United 

 Kingdom is 120,979 square miles, England having 

 an area of 50,867, Wales 7,442, Scotland 29,785, Ire- 

 land 32,583, the Isle of Man 227, and the Channel 

 Islands 75 square miles. The estimated popula- 

 tion of England and Wales and the islands in 

 1898 was 31,397,078; of Scotland, 4,249,946; of 

 Ireland, 4,541,903; total population of the United 

 Kingdom, 40,188,927. The population of the me- 

 tropolis of London in June, 1898, was estimated 

 at 4,504,766 for the registration district and 1,903,- 

 555 for the outer ring; total for greater London, 

 6,408,321, having increased from 4,766,661 in 1881 

 and 5,633,332 in 1891. Glasgow, in Scotland, had 

 724,349 inhabitants in 1898; Edinburgh, 295,628. 

 The number of marriages in England and Wales 

 in 1897 was 248,843; of births, 921,254; of deaths, 

 541,428; excess of births, 379,826. The number 

 of marriages in Scotland was 30,966; of births, 

 128,823; of deaths, 79,061; excess of births, 49,- 

 762. The number of marriages in Ireland was 

 22,891; of births, 106,664; of deaths, 83,839; ex- 

 cess of births, 22,825. From 1815 to 1853 the 

 number of emigrants from the United Kingdom 

 was 3,463,592; from 1853 to 1897 it was 8,408,925, 

 counting only persons of British or Irish origin, 

 and of these 5,609,678 emigrated to the United 

 States, 868,099 to British America, 1,399,375 to 

 Australasia, and 531,773 to other countries. The 

 number of emigrants, natives and foreigners, who 

 sailed from British ports in 1898 was 205,073, of 

 whom 123,543 went to the United States, 27,553 

 to British America, 11,020 to Australasia, and 

 42,957 to bther countries. The total for 1897 was 

 213,280, of whom 122,317 were males and 90,963 

 females. The number of British and Irish emi- 

 grants in 1898 was 140,630, of whom 90,664 were 

 English, 15,575 Scotch, and 34,391 Irish. The 

 number of immigrants, British and foreign, in 

 1897 was 155,114, reducing the total net emigra- 

 tion to 58,166; the number of immigrants of Brit- 

 ish and Irish origin was 95,221, which reduces the 

 emigration from the native population to 51,239. 

 The number of Irish who emigrated from Ireland 

 in 1897 was 32,535; the total number from 1851 

 to the end of that year was 3,722,658. 



Finances. The revenue for the year ending 

 March 31, 1898, was estimated in the budget 

 at 103,044,000, and the expenditure, including 

 supplementary estimates, at 104,892,900. The 

 actual receipts were 106,614,004 and the actual 

 expenditures 102,935,994, leaving a surplus of 

 3,678,010. Taxation by customs, excise, and 

 estate duties, stamps, the land tax, the house 

 duty, and the income and property tax produced 

 89,560,630, or 83 per cent, of the net receipts 

 of the exchequer, in 1898, while the nontax rev- 

 enue, derived from the postal and telegraph serv- 

 ices, Crown lands, interest on Suez Canal shares, 

 and miscellaneous sources, was 17,130,090, mak- 

 ing the total net receipts 106,690,720. The net 

 revenue from customs was 21,792,250, of which 

 11,433,909 came from tobacco, 3,868,207 from 

 tea, 2,072,658 from rum, 1,329,638 from 



brandy, 897,664 from other spirits, 1,325,373 

 from wine, 104,281 from currants, 170,049 

 from coffee, 212,913 from raisins, and 377,558 

 from other articles. The net receipts from excise 

 were 28,323,142, of which 10,3!)(>,72(> carne 

 from spirits, 11,388,12(5 from beer, 243,216 

 from license duties, 287,924 from railroads, and 

 7,150 from other sources. The net receipts from 

 estate and legacy duties, etc., were 11,185,998, 

 of which 7,705,855 came from the estate duty, 

 57,692 from the temporary estate duty col- 

 lected on property of persons dying before Aug. 

 1, 1894, 57,414 from the probate duty paid on 

 the same class of property, 2,595,690 from the 

 legacy duty, 727,624 from the succession duty, 

 and 41,723 from the corporation duty. The 

 stamp revenue amounted to 7,598,245, of which 

 4,121,891 came from deeds, 1,350,691 from 

 receipts, 660,818 from bills of exchange, 260,- 

 852 from patent medicines, 166,998 from licenses, 

 etc., 353,959 from the capital of companies, 

 175,482 from bonds to bearer, 216,666 from 

 insurance, and 290,888 from other sources. The 

 land tax yielded 7,598,245, the house duty 

 922,860, and the income and property tax 17,- 

 171,377. The net receipts from the post office 

 were 12,206,694; from the telegraph service, 

 3,030,352; from Crown lands, 443,160; inter- 

 est on Suez Canal shares, 733,898; net receipts 

 from miscellaneous sources, 1,7 15,986; the actual 

 receipts within the year having been 1,737,106, 

 of which 948,390 came from fee stamps, 421,- 

 000 from the mint, 175,562 from the Bank of 

 England, and 192,154 from various sources. 



The national expenditure is divided into charges 

 on the consolidated fund, the army and navy 

 supply services, and the civil and miscellaneous 

 services. The consolidated fund charges for 1898 

 amounted to 26,885,994, of which 25,000,000 

 were appropriated to the public debt, 79,560 

 were for salaries, 512,483 for courts of justice, 

 344,553 for miscellaneous charges, and 250,000 

 for recoinage. Of the sum devoted to the debt, 

 16,063,925 went for interest on the consolidated 

 debt, 7,261,159 for terminable annuities, 139,- 

 300 for interest on the unfunded debt, and 174,- 

 309 for debt management, leaving 1,361,307 for 

 the new sinking fund. The sum appropriated to 

 the army was 19,330,000; to the navy, 20,850,- 

 000; to the civil services, 21,560,000; to the 

 collection of customs and inland revenue, 2,745,- 

 000; to the post office, 7,592,000; to the tele- 

 graph service, 3,226,000; to the packet service, 

 747,000; total for the supply services, 76,- 

 050,000. 



The exchequer receipts for the year ending 

 March 31, 1899, were 108,336,000, the budget 

 estimate having been 107,110,000; the total rev- 

 enue collected, including 9,521,000 that went 

 to local-taxation account, was 117,857,000, 

 against 116,016,000 in 1898. Customs produced 

 20,850,000, which was 230,000 less than the 

 estimate, the revenue from foreign spirits having 

 fallen off owing to bad potato crops abroad, to- 

 bacco also falling below the estimate owing to 

 a rise in price, while tea, coffee, and cocoa showed 

 an increase. The excise receipts were 29,200,- 

 000, or 250,000 more than the estimate, the in- 

 crease being due partly to beer, and in a greater 

 measure to the consumption of British spirits in 

 the place of imported spirits. Death duties 

 yielded 15,633,000, of which 4,233,000 went 

 for the relief of local taxation, the total exceed- 

 ing the estimate by 730,000. The income tax 

 yielded 18,000,000, exceeding the estimate by 

 300,000. The estimate of expenditure for 1899 

 was 106,829,000. Supplementary estimates 



