GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



345 



the barracks act of 1890, and other acts of Parlia- 

 ment, amount to 3,830,778. The sum of 25,- 

 000,000 now set apart for the service of the debt 

 is less by 3,898,651 than the annual charge after 

 the Crimean War. After the Napoleonic wars the 

 national debt in 1815 amounted to 801,039,049. 

 It was decreased 5(5,812,095 in the next forty 

 years, but during the Crimean War was again 

 increased 32,918,243, amounting to 837,144,- 

 597 in 1857, since which date there has been a 

 reduction of 202,708,893. The annual charge 

 of 25,000,000 includes a large provision for debt 

 reduction, amounting in 1898 to 7,300,292. On 

 March 31, 1899, the national debt was 634,- 

 984,000. 



The amount raised in 1896 for local expenditure 

 in England and Wales was 75,474,039, includ- 

 ing 11,053,931 of loans and 9,409,561 of Gov- 

 ernment contributions. The receipts from rates 

 were 35,898,774; water, gas, and electric light, 

 7,952,980; repayments, 1,017,043; tolls and 

 dues, 5,302,839; rents and interest, 2,108,749; 

 sales, 527,635; miscellaneous receipts, 2,206,- 

 527. The total local expenditure of England and 

 Wales in 1896 was 76,104,066, of which 40,019,- 

 001 were paid out by town and municipal au- 

 thorities for police, sanitary works, etc., 10,- 

 215,974 by unions and parishes for poor relief, 

 9,426,472 by school boards, 8,339,436 by coun- 

 ty, rural sanitary, and road authorities, and 

 3,454,089 by harbor authorities. In Scotland 

 the total amount raised for local purposes was 

 11,289,547, of which 3,658,063 came from 

 rates, 1,897,261 from water, gas, and electric 

 lighting, 1,199,418 from tolls and dues, 629,- 

 005 from rents and interest, 38,768 from sales, 

 1,648,340 from Government contributions, 

 1,897,144 from loans, and 321,548 from mis- 

 cellaneous sources. The total expenditures in 

 Scotland were 11,516,116, of which 5,522,779 

 were for town and municipal police, sanitary 

 works, etc., 1,013,376 for poor relief, 2,153,- 

 439 for elementary education, 1,349,847 for rural 

 sanitary works, roads, and county expenses, and 

 1,200,035 for harbors. The local revenues of 

 Ireland amounted to 5,014,086 in 1896, of which 

 3,040,558 were derived from rates, including 

 water, etc., 476,427 from tolls and dues, 113,- 

 228 from rents and interest, 406,668 from Gov- 

 ernment contributions, 709,376 from loans, and 

 267,829 from other sources. The local expendi- 

 tures of Ireland were 5,093,658, of which 1,- 

 527,211 were for town and municipal police, 

 sanitary works, etc., 1,053,391 for poor relief, 

 1,472,282 for roads and rural sanitation and 

 other expenses, and 482,807 for harbors. The 

 expenditures of the London County Council for 

 1899 were estimated at 3,719,998 for mainte- 

 nance, including 89,332 out of rents for tram- 

 ways, workingmen's dwellings, etc., and 6,009,- 

 375 of capital expenditure. The debt was 38,- 

 011,638 on March 31, 1898. 



The Army. The regular army of the United 

 Kingdom, as provided in the estimates, consisted 

 in 1899 of 8,109 commissioned officers, 1,087 war- 

 rant officers, 17,100 sergeants, 3,941 drummers, 

 trumpeters, etc., and 150,267 rank and file; total, 

 180,513 men, an increase of 16,944 over 1898. 

 The general staff numbered 342 officers, with 137 

 noncommissioned officers and privates; army 

 accountants, 209; chaplains, 87; medical depart- 

 ment, 598; veterinary department, 65, with 7 

 assistants; total staff and departments, 1,300 

 officers, 138 noncommissioned officers, and 7 men. 

 The total authorized strength of the regiments 

 was 6,019 officers, 15,264 noncommissioned officers 

 and musicians, and 150,111 rank and file, the cav- 



alry, including the Life Guards and Horse Guards, 

 numbering 555 officers, 1,315 noncommissioned 

 officers, etc., and 12,083 privates; the Royal Ar- 

 tillery, 1,140 officers, 2,552 noncommissioned 

 officers, etc., and 26,761 privates; the Royal En- 

 gineers, 601 officers, 1,312 noncommissioned offi- 

 cers, etc., and 5,834 privates; the infantry, includ- 

 ing the Foot Guards, 3,075 officers, 7,430 non- 

 commissioned officers, etc., and 93,572 privates; 

 the colonial corps, 208 officers, 469 noncommis- 

 sioned officers, etc., and 5,888 privates; the 

 departmental corps, 195 officers, 1,426 noncom- 

 missioned officers, etc., and 3,166 privates; the 

 army service corps, 245 officers, 751 noncommis- 

 sioned officers, etc., and 2,807 privates. The 

 staff and instructors of the yeomanry, militia, 

 and volunteers numbered 597 officers, 6,164 non- 

 commissioned officers, etc., and 22 privates. Mis- 

 cellaneous establishments employed as instruct- 

 ors, etc., 193 officers, 562 noncommissioned 

 officers, and 136 privates, of whom 36 officers, 

 103 noncommissioned officers, and 107 privates 

 were instructors in gunnery and musketry; 18 

 officers, 23 noncommissioned officers, and 5 pri- 

 vates were in the Royal Military Academy at 

 Woolwich; 29 officers, 22 noncommissioned offi- 

 cers, and 19 privates in the Royal Military Acad- 

 emy at Sandhurst; 37 officers, 50 noncommis- 

 sioned officers, and 1 private in other colleges 

 and schools; 15 officers and 190 noncommissioned 

 officers in regimental schools; and 58 officers, 

 174 noncommissioned officers, and 4 privates in 

 other establishments. The total military force 

 maintained for service in the United Kingdom 

 in 1898 was 99,258 officers and men, comprising 

 11,251 cavalry, 16,989 artillery, 5,368 engineers, 

 and 65,650 infantry and special corps. Of the 

 total number 73,348, with 10,063 horses, were 

 stationed in England; 3,947, with 350 horses, in 

 Scotland; and 22,963, with 2,784 horses, in Ire- 

 land. The troops maintained in Egypt num- 

 bered 5,553 officers and men, with 686 horses; 

 in the colonies, 40,669 officers and men, with 

 2,405 horses; in Crete, 900 officers and men. The 

 British army in India had a strength of 74,623 

 officers and men, with 12,300 horses, making the 

 total strength of the regular army 221,003 men 

 of all ranks, with 28,588 horses. Including the 

 auxiliary forces and the regular forces on Indian 

 establishments, the total established strength of 

 British military forces in 1899 was 742,421 men 

 of all ranks, consisting of 171,394 regular troops 

 at home and in the colonies, 73,162 in India, 

 83,050 army reserves, 138,961 militia, 11,891 yeo- 

 manry, and 263,963 volunteers. The effective 

 strength of the regular forces, home and colonial, 

 was 146,864 in April, 1899; in India, 74,623; army 

 reserve, 82,063; militia, 118,221; yeomanry, 10,- 

 191; volunteers, 232,711: total effectives, 664,189. 

 Among the noncommissioned officers and privates 

 composing the regular army on Jan. 1, 1898, there 

 were 158,566 natives of England, 16,485 Scotch, 

 26,374 Irish, 8,275 born in India and the colo- 

 nies, 142 foreigners, and 2,551 not designated. 

 The authorized increase in the establishment for 

 the United Kingdom for 1899 was 20,185 rank 

 and file, or from 195,501 to 215,686, but the actual 

 establishment at the beginning of the year con- 

 sisted of 204,925 rank and file. The additions 

 consist of a third battalion to the Coldstream 

 and Scots Guards, an additional battalion to 7 

 line regiments, 15 field batteries, 11 garrison com- 

 panies, and in the colonial corps a third West 

 India battalion, a West African regiment, and a 

 Chinese regiment. The infantry of the line have 

 their term of service with the colors shortened 

 to three years, the term in the reserve being nine 



