HAYTI. 



HONDURAS. 



365 



were valued at $11,340. The total value of im- 

 ports in 1897 was $7,682,628, against $6,063,652 

 in 1896, $5,339,785 in 1895, $6,962,201 in 1890, and 

 $3,673,268 in 1880. The total value of imports 

 as given in the report of the collector general of 

 customs for 1897 was $8,838,203, of which $6,502,- 

 937, or 73.58 per cent., came from Pacific ports 

 of the United States, $297,092, or 3.36 per cent., 

 from Atlantic ports of the United States, $865,- 

 781, or 9.80 per cent., from Great Britain, $292,316, 

 or 3.31 per cent., from Japan, $260,417, or 2.94 

 per cent., from China, $192,932, or 2.18 per cent., 

 from Germany, $122,453 from Australia and New 

 Zealand, $58,675 from Canada, $30,997 from 

 France, $5,864 from islands of the Pacific, and 

 $208,738 from other countries and places. The 

 total value of exports in 1897 was $16,021,775, 

 against $15,515,230 in 1896, $8,474,138 in 1895, 

 $13,142,829 in 1890, $9,158,818 in 1885, and $4,968,- 

 444 in 1880. The domestic exports in 1897 had a 

 total value of $15,933,393, of which $15,910,000 

 went to the United States, $11,000,000 to Aus- 

 tralasia, and $12,000,000 to other countries. 



Navigation. Lines of steamers run between 

 Hawaii and the Pacific ports of America, ports 

 of Australasia, and Chinese ports. In 1897 of 

 the total imports 88.20 per cent, in value were 

 landed at the port of Honolulu, 6.23 per cent, at 

 Hilo, 3.59 per cent, at Kahului, and 1.98 per cent, 

 at Mahukona. American vessels brought 69.41 

 per cent, of the total, English 13.77 per cent.', Ha- 

 waiian 12.92 per cent., German 3.11 per cent., and 

 others 0.79 per cent. The Hawaiian merchant 

 marine consisted in 1897 of 62 vessels, of 34,066 

 tons, of which 29 were steamers. The total num- 

 ber of vessels in the foreign trade entered in 1897 

 was 427, of 513,826 tons; cleared, 415, of 506,967 

 tons. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. There 

 are railroads on the islands of Hawaii, Oahu, and 

 Maui, having a total length of 100 miles. The 

 number of letters that passed through the post 

 office in 1897 was 5,079,872 in the internal service 

 and 1,297,887 in the external service. The tele- 

 graph lines have a total length of 250 miles, in- 

 cluding a cable between Hawaii and Oahu. Tele- 

 phones are in nearly every house in Honolulu, 

 and lines of telephone encircle the islands of Oahu, 

 Kauai, Maui, and Hawaii. 



HAYTI, a republic in the West Indies, occupy- 

 ing the western third of the island of Hayti. 

 The legislative body is the National Assembly, 

 consisting of a Senate of 39 members, part of 

 them chosen by the lower house from lists sub- 

 mitted by the President and part elected by the 

 people, and a House of Representatives, 95 in 

 number, elected for three years by the votes of 

 all adult male citizens who have regular means 

 of livelihood. The President is elected for seven 

 years. Gen. Tiresias Augustin Simon Sam was 

 elected on April 1, 1896, after the death of Presi- 

 dent Hippolyte, for the term ending in May, 1902. 

 The Cabinet in the beginning of 1899 was com- 

 posed of the following members: Secretary of 

 Foreign Affairs, Brutus San Victor; Secretary of 

 Finance and Commerce, Stephen Lafontant; 

 Secretary of the Interior and Police, TancrMe 

 Auguste; Secretary of Agriculture and Public 

 Works, C. Antoine; Secretary of War and Ma- 

 rine, V. Guillaume; Secretary of Public Instruc- 

 tion, M. Chanzy. 



Area and Population. The republic has an 

 area of 11,070 square miles, with 1,210,625 in- 

 habitants, according to the ecclesiastical enu- 

 meration of 1894. Port-au-Prince, the capital, 

 lias about 60,000 inhabitants. The Haytians are 

 negroes, except about 10 per cent, of mulattoes 



and a very small sprinkling of whites. They 

 speak a dialect called Creole French, and profess 

 the Roman Catholic faith. 



Finances. The revenue in 1895 was $7,406,321 

 in gold, derived mostly from customs, the export 

 duties amounting to $3,442,114 in gold; the im- 

 port duties to $4,107,989 in currency. The ex- 

 penditure for 1895 was $8,042,705. For 1897 the 

 estimate of expenditure was $8,984,539. For 1898 

 the revenue was estimated at $2,968,661 in gold 

 and $4,625,424 in paper. The expenditures were 

 estimated at $2,223,717 in gold and $5,365,198 in 

 paper, of which $82,950 in gold and $7,780 in 

 paper were for foreign affairs, $9,423 in gold and 

 $620,007 in paper for finance and commerce, $78,- 

 400 in gold and $1,245,485 in paper for war and 

 marine, $3,000 in gold and $865,869 in paper for 

 the interior, $56,626 in gold and $214,888 in paper 

 for public works, $219,674 in paper for agricul- 

 ture, $26,640 in gold and $777,250 in paper for 

 public instruction, $484,072 in paper for justice, 

 $51,480 in gold and $36,600 in paper for worship, 

 $120,000 in paper for the national bank, and 

 $1,915,197 in gold and $773,610 for the public debt. 



The foreign debt in 1897 amounted to $13,476,- 

 113, consisting of $4,176,113 of 5-per-cent. and 

 $9,300,000 of 6-per-cent. bonds. The internal debt 

 consisted of $4,437,105 of gold and $10,812,574 

 of currency bonds. 



The Army and Navy. The military forces 

 number 6,828 men, chiefly infantry, including 4 

 battalions of artillery of 250 men each, 6 regi- 

 ments of infantry of the line, numbering 3,200 

 men, 1,978 gendarmes, and the Government Guard 

 of 650 men, which is commanded by the 10 gen- 

 erals who form the President's staff. Hayti has 

 a naval force of 6 vessels, the newest of which 

 is the Crete-a-Pierrot, of 940 tons, built in Eng- 

 land in 1895, and having a speed of 15J knots, 

 with an armament of 1 6.3-inch, 1 4.7-inch, and 4 

 4-inch Du Bange guns and 6 machine guns. Other 

 vessels are the dispatch gunboat Capois-la-Mort, 

 launched at Havre in 1893; the Toussaint L'Ou- 

 verture, built in 1886; the Dessalines, of 1,200 

 tons, built in 1883; the sloop gunboats 1804 and 

 St. Michael; and the gun vessel 22 de Decembre, 

 of 900 tons. 



Commerce and Production. The value of the 

 imports in 1897 was $6,363,798, against $6,053,835 

 in 1896 and $6,232,335 in 1895; the value of the 

 exports in 1897 were $12,549,848, against $9,463,- 

 903 in 1896 and $13,788,562 in 1895. The exports 

 of coffee for the year ending Sept. 30, 1897, were 

 73,057,397 pounds; of cacao, 2,120,242 pounds; 

 of logwood. 112,756,225 pounds. The minor ex- 

 ports are cotton, mahogany, hides and skins, and 

 honey. The chief imports are cotton goods, bread- 

 stuffs, provisions, hardware. Of the total im- 

 ports in 1897, the United States furnished $4,379,- 

 000, France $943,000, Germany $529,000, England 

 $309,000, and other countries $204,000. Port-au- 

 Prince was visited in 1897 by 234 vessels, of 323,- 

 611 tons; Cape Haitien by 203, of 274,609 tons: 

 Les Cayes by 144, of 163,842 tons; Jacmel by 212, 

 of 371,468 tons. 



The violation of the United States legation by 

 Haytian soldiers, who entered the building to ar- 

 rest a fugitive political suspect named Duvivier, 

 the Haytian Government atoned for in the sum- 

 mer of 1899 by making an apology and granting 

 reparation. 



HOLLAND. (See NETHERLANDS.) 



HONDURAS, a republic of Central America. 

 The legislative body is the Congress, or Chamber, 

 of Deputies, containing 46 members, elected by 

 direct universal suffrage, which meets biennially 

 for two months. The President is also elected 



