INDIA. 



37T 



states in the Northwest Provinces; the Punjab 

 states of Patiala, Bahawulpur, Jind, Nabha, 

 Kapurthala, Mandi, Sirmur, Maler Kotla, Farid- 

 kot, Chamba, Suket, Kalsia, and others; Sik- 

 kim; and the Shan States of Burmah. The 

 total area of the native or feudatory states is 

 594,610 square miles, and their population in 1891 

 was 65,950,398, of whom 34,184,557 were males 

 and 31,865,922 females. This does not include 

 tribes on the frontiers of Sikkim, Burmah, the 

 Shan States, Rajputana, and British Baluchistan, 

 among which a population of 607,710 was enumer- 

 ated. Nepaul, where the Gurkha troops are en- 

 listed for the Indian army, is an independent 

 state in which the British refrain from interfer- 

 ing, having an area of 54,000 square miles and a 



different languages and dialects are spoken, is 

 ethnically divided into 195,460,000 Aryo-Indians, 

 52,960,000 Dravidians, 7,290,000 Tibeto-Burmans, 

 2,960,000 Kolarians, 1,330,000 Iranians, and 27,- 

 000,000 others, including 400,000 gypsies, 710,000 

 Sinitec, 230,000 Annamites, 180,000 Kha.sis, 180,- 

 000 Shans, 50,000 Semites, and 250,000 Europeans. 

 The principal languages are Hindu, spoken by 

 85,680,000 persons; Bengali, spoken by 41,340,- 

 000; Telugu, spoken by 19,800,000; Mahrathi, 

 spoken by 18,890,000; Punjabi, spoken by 17,- 

 720,000; Tamil, spoken by 15,230,000; Gujarati, 

 spoken by 10,620,000; Kanarese, spoken by 9,750,- 

 000; Uriya, spoken by 9,010,000; Burmese, spoken 

 by 5,560,000: Malayalum, spoken by 5,430,000; 

 Urdu, spoken by 3,670,000; Sindhi, spoken by 



GATEWAY OF THE GREAT MOSQUE AT AHMEDABAD. 



population variously estimated between 2,000,000 2,590,000; and the Pahari, Santali, Assamese, 

 and 5,000,000. Bhutan is another of the Hima- "~ 

 layan states which are politically independent, 

 although subsidized and controlled by the Indian 

 Government. The Ameer of Afghanistan also re- 

 ceives a subsidy and is controlled by the British 

 as to his foreign relations. The total area of 

 India, officially so designated, comprising the ter- 

 ritories directly or indirectly under British rule, 

 is 1,559,603 square miles; the total population, 

 287,123,350. This population, among which 118 



Gondi, Marwadi, Pushtu, Karen, Kol, Tulu, 

 Kachhi, gypsy, Oraon, Arrakanese, and Kond. 

 The English-speaking population was 238,499, of 

 whom 100,551 were British born. As to religion, 

 the Indian populations comprised 207,732,000 

 Hindus, 57,321,000 Mohammedans, 9,280,000 Ani- 

 mists, 7,131,000 Buddhists, 2,284.000 Christians, 

 1,908,000 Sikhs, 1,417,000 Jains, 90,000 Parsees, 

 17,000 Jews, and 43,000 others. The classification 

 of the population of India according to occupa- 



