ITALY. 



393 



The Prohibitionists nominated Mr. Atwood for 

 Governor, Mr. Pugsley for Lieutenant Governor, 

 D. S. Dunlavy for Superintendent of Instruction, 

 H. F. Johns for Justice of the Supreme Court, 

 and A. B. Wray for Railroad Commissioner. 



The candidates of the Socialist-Labor party for 

 the State offices were : For Governor, Mr. Kremer ; 

 Lieutenant Governor. Mr. Bronner; Superintend- 

 ent, Mrs. E. P. Travis; Railroad Commissioner, 

 N. Heisel. 



The Republicans elected their entire ticket, the 

 vote for Governor standing as follows: Shaw, 

 Republican, 239,543; White, Democrat, 183,326; 

 Atwood, Prohibitionist, 7,650; Lloyd, Populist, 

 1,694; Kremer, Socialist-Labor, 763; Heacock, 

 United Christian, 483. 



The returns show that there will be in the State 

 Senate 35 Republicans and 15 Democrats, and in 

 the House 81 Republicans and 19 Democrats. 



ITALY, a kingdom in southern Europe. The 

 throne is hereditary in the line of Savoy by male 

 descent in the order of primogeniture. The reign- 

 ing King is Umberto I, born March 14, 1844, the 

 eldest son of Vittorio Emmanuele II of Sardinia, 

 the first King of United Italy. The heir apparent 

 is \ittorio Emmanuele, Prince of Naples, born 

 Nov. 11, 1869. The legislative power is vested 

 in a Parliament, composed of a Senate containing 

 at present 372 members, nominated for life by rea- 

 son of services in public or eminence in science, 

 literature, or other pursuit tending to the benefit 

 of the nation, and a Chamber of Deputies, con- 

 taining 508 members, 1 to 57,000 of population, 

 elected under the law of 1895 by all adult male 

 citizens who can read and write and pay 20 lire 

 of direct taxes or occupy a farm renting for 500 

 lire, or occupy a tenement or a place of business 

 in towns at a certain minimum rent. Soldiers 

 are disqualified while in active service. Princes 

 of the royal house have seats in the Senate. No 

 priest filling a clerical charge nor any salaried 

 official, except ministers and certain others hold- 

 ing responsible positions, can be elected a Deputy. 

 Neither Senators nor Deputies are paid. 



The ministry formed on June 29, 1898, was 

 composed of the following members: President of 

 the Council and Minister of the Interior, Gen. 

 Luigi Pelloux; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ad- 

 miral Felice Napoleone Canevaro; Minister of the 

 Treasury, Pietro Vacchelli; Minister of Finance, 

 Paolo Carcano; Minister of Justice and of Ec- 

 clesiastical Affairs, Camillo Finocchiaro Aprile; 

 Minister of War, Gen. Alessandro Asinari di San 

 Marzano; Minister of Marine, Admiral Giuseppe 

 Palumbo; Minister of Commerce, Industry, and 

 Agriculture, Alessandro Fortis; Minister of Pub- 

 lic Instruction, Prof. Guido Bacelli; Minister of 

 Public Works, Pietro Lacava; Minister of Posts 

 and Telegraphs, Nunzio Nasi. 



Area and Population. Italy has an area of 

 110,646 square miles, according to the latest sur- 

 veys. The population, which increased from 18,- 

 124,000 in 1800 to 28,460,000 in 1881, on Dec. 31, 

 1898, was estimated at 31,667,946. The number 

 of marriages in 1898 was 219,597; of births, 1,115,- 

 166; of deaths, 777,357; excess of births, 337,809. 

 The number of emigrants who departed in 1898 

 with the declared intention of settling abroad 

 was 126,787; temporary emigrants, 155,945. The 

 number of Italian immigrants that arrived in 

 the United States in 1898 was 58,613, compared 

 with 59,431 in 1897, and 68,060 in 1896. The 

 Italian immigration into the Argentine Republic 

 in 1898 was 39,135. 



The estimated population of the chief cities on 

 Dec. 31, 1898, was: Naples, 540,393; Rome, 500,- 

 610; Milan, 481,297; Turin, 365,800; Palermo, 



290,951; Genoa, 232,774; Florence, 212,898; Venice, 

 157,099; Bologna, 155,797; Messina, 154,436. 



Finances. The budget estimate of revenue for 

 the year ending June 30, 1900, was 1,700,645,823 

 lire. The ordinary receipts were estimated at 

 1,681,307,326 lire, and extraordinary receipts at 

 19,338,497 lire. The ordinary expenditures were 

 estimated at 1,605,316,241 lire, and the extraordi- 

 nary at 96,475,634 lire; total, 1,701,791,875 lire. 

 The revenue from railroads and state property 

 was reckoned at 96,491,264 lire, of which rail- 

 roads produce 82,022,200 lire, state property 12,- 

 920,735 lire, and various sources 1,548,329 lire; di- 

 rect taxation, 482,025,900 lire, made up of 286,275,- 

 900 lire from income tax, 106,650,000 lire from 

 the land tax, and 89,100,000 lire from the tax 

 on buildings; taxes on transactions, 286,275,900 

 lire, including 67,900,000 lire from stamps, 60,000,- 

 000 lire from registration, 20,260,000 lire from 

 the tax on railroad receipts, 37,000,000 lire from 

 succession duties, 11,800,000 lire from the tax on 

 the operations of banks and commercial com- 

 panies, 7,400,000 lire from the duty on mortgages, 

 7,550,000 lire from various concessions, 6,400,000 

 lire from mortmain revenues, and 675,000 lire 

 from consular fees; customs, monopolies, and ex- 

 cise, 678,665,000 lire, of which 194,000,000 lire come 

 from the tobacco monopoly, 74,000,000 lire from 

 salt, 51,865,000 lire from octrois, 52,800,000 lire 

 from duties on the manufacture of beer, spirits, 

 mineral waters, gunpowder, and sugar, 66,000,000 

 lire from the lottery, and 240,000,000 lire from 

 customs; public services, 94,443,800 lire, of which 

 59,200,000 lire come from the post office, 14,300,000 

 lire from telegraphs, 7,200,000 lire from school 

 fees, 5,408,200 lire from prisons, 1,460,000 lire 

 from fines, 3,000,000 lire from assays, 1,700,000 

 lire from land registry, and 2,175,600 lire from 

 various services ; repayments, 22,870,283 lire ; vari- 

 ous departmental receipts, 23,303,500 lire; do- 

 mains, 15,510,555 lire; interest on invested funds, 

 18,475,401 lire; communal contributions of Rome 

 and Naples, 27,951,876 lire; miscellaneous re- 

 ceipts, 2,584,647 lire. Of the extraordinary re- 

 ceipts 4,580,487 lire come from recovery of debts, 

 698,490 lire from various effective sources, 377,576 

 from railroad-construction account, 13,681,944 lire 

 from movement of capital, 4,673,840 lire from 

 sales of state property, and 9,008,104 lire from 

 various other sources. 



The expenditures are 476,982,128 lire for inter- 

 est on the consolidated debt, 60,435,593 lire for 

 extinguishable debts, and 26,635,920 lire for the 

 annuity for the purchase of railroads in northern 

 Italy; 121,683,317 lire for interest on floating 

 debt, including 17,351,350 lire on treasury bonds, 

 15,414,000 lire due to railroad companies, 80,416,- 

 752 lire on railroad guarantees, and 4,271,000 lire 

 on accounts current; 16,050,000 lire for the civil 

 list and appanages; 6,088,000 lire for pensions; 

 2,155,000 lire for the Senate and Chamber of 

 Deputies; 9,894,521 lire for general expenses of 

 the Ministry of the Treasury; 953,385 lire for 

 various services; 3,500,000 lire for a reserve for 

 unforeseen expenses; 18,475,501 lire for the service 

 of the amortizable debt; 2,074,647 lire for inter- 

 est; 509,827 lire for domains; 26,817,882 lire for 

 extraordinary expenditure of the Ministry of the 

 Treasury; 29,339,630 lire for general expenses of 

 the Ministry of Finance, including 9.019,626 lire 

 for general administration, 12,837,000 lire for pen- 

 sions, 1,505,300 lire for various services, and 

 5,977,704 lire for the cadastral survey; 154,330,377 

 lire for the cost of collecting revenues, monopo- 

 lies, lotteries, etc.; 29,734,216 lire for expenditure 

 d'ordre; 4,848,922 lire for extraordinary expendi- 

 ture of the Ministry of Finance; 16,207,565 lire 



