442 



LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1899. 



work. Music was the subject of several volumes. 

 The Musician's Pilgrimage, by J. A. Fuller-Mait- 

 land, was a study in artistic development; J. -b. 

 Runciman gave discussions on musical subjects 

 under the title of Old Scores and New Readings; 

 The Perfect Wagnerite, by George Bernard Shaw, 

 was intended as a commentary on the Ring of 

 the Nibelungs; Ernest Newman made A Study 

 of Wagner, and also wrote of Gluck and the 

 Opera ; True Principles of the Art of Violin Play- 

 ing were set forth by George Lehmann; and H. 

 C. Lahee gave us a volume of Famous Violinists 

 of To-day and Yesterday. Chats to 'Cello Stu- 

 dents were vouchsafed by Arthur Broadley, and 

 Canon H. C. Shuttleworth defined The Place of 

 Music in Public Worship. Hermann Smith ex- 

 plained The Art of Tuning the Pianoforte, and 

 A. C. R. Carter edited The Year's Music, 1899. 

 The Drama of Yesterday and To-day was reviewed 

 by Clement W. Scott, and from Charles Hiatt 

 we had a record and review of Sir Henry Irving, 

 with 74 illustrations, and Ellen Terry and her 

 Impersonations. The Actor and his Art, by Stan- 

 ley Jones, presented some considerations of the 

 present condition of the stage. 



History. The event of the year in this de- 

 partment was Sir George Otto Trevelyan's his- 

 tory of The American Revolution, Part I of which 

 appeared, covering the period 1766-76. In it he 

 virtually continued his Early History of Charles 

 James Fox, sent out eighteen years ago, but the 

 chief value of the work lies in the application 

 which is patent to the foreign policy of our own 

 country at the present time. Vol. II was at 

 last issued of Edward John Payne's History of 

 the New World called America, devoted to Abo- 

 riginal America, and The History of Trade be- 

 tween the United Kingdom and the United States, 

 by Sydney J. Chapman, had special reference to 

 the effect of tariffs. Vols. Ill and IV appeared 

 of The Royal Navy, a history from the earliest 

 times to the present, edited by W. Laird Clowes, 

 as did Vol. I of Logs of the Great Sea Fights, 

 1794-1805, edited by Rear-Admiral T. Sturges 

 Jackson, and J. W. Fortescue wrote A History 

 of the British Army in two volumes. How Eng- 

 land saved Europe, the story of the great war, 

 1793-1815, by W. H. Fitchett^ which will fill four 

 volumes, was begun with the issue of the first, 

 covering From the Low Countries to Egypt. 

 George Townsend was responsible for Landmarks 

 in English Industrial History. England in the 

 Age of Wycliffe was a valuable study by George 

 Macaulay Trevelyan, to which The Peasants' Ris- 

 ing and the Lollards, a collection of unpublished 

 documents edited by Edgar Powell and Mr. Tre- 

 velyan, formed an appendix. Piers Gaveston, by 

 Walter Phelps Dodge, was a chapter of early 

 constitutional history. Historical Sketches of 

 Notable Persons and Events in the Reigns of 

 James I and Charles I, by Thomas Carlyle, were 

 edited by Alexander Carlyle, and proved full of 

 dramatic imagination and picturesqueness ; Eng- 

 land in the Nineteenth Century came from Charles 

 W. C. Oman; and from Justin McCarthy we had 

 the Story of the People of England in the Nine- 

 teenth Century, in two parts, the first covering 

 Modern England before the Reform Bill, and the 

 second Modern England under Queen Victoria. 

 Great Britain and Hanover: Some Aspects of the 

 Personal Union, were the theme of the Ford 

 Lectures at Oxford, by A. W. Ward. Prehistoric 

 Scotland and its Place in European Civilization, 

 by Robert Munro, was intended as a general in- 

 troduction to the County Histories of Scotland, 

 and Scotland and the Protectorate, by C. H. Firth, 

 was a continuation of Scotland and the Com- 



monwealth. In the Cambridge Historical Series 

 we had also Vol. I of A History of Scotland, by 

 P. Hume Brown, covering To the Accession of 

 Mary Stewart. No. 1 of the British Empire Series 

 contained India, Ceylon, Straits Settlement, Brit- 

 ish North Borneo, Hong-Kong, by various hands, 

 and No. 2 was similarly devoted to British Africa. 

 The Story of the West Indies was contributed 

 to the Story of the Empire Series by Arnold 

 Kennedy. Vol. I was issued of A History of 

 British "India, by Sir William Wilson Hunter, 

 as was Vol. Ill of Letters received by the East 

 India Company from its Servants in the East, 

 edited by William Foster, covering the year 1615. 

 The Rise of Portuguese Power in India was traced 

 by R. S. Whiteway. Lady Betty Balfour com- 

 piled The History of Lord Lytton's Indian Ad- 

 ministration, 1876 to 1880, from letters and of- 

 ficial papers; Col. H. B. Hanna reviewed the 

 causes, conduct, and consequences of The Second 

 Afghan War, 1878-'79-'80; and Col. Algernon 

 Durand described The Making of a Frontier 

 under his direction in the wild countries in and 

 about the Kara Koram and Hindu Kush moun- 

 tains. The Heart of Asia, a history of Russian 

 Turkestan and the central Asian khanates from 

 the earliest times, was the important contribu- 

 tion of F. H. Skrine and E. D. Ross. The River 

 War, by Winston Spencer Churchill, gave an his- 

 torical account of the reconquest of the. Soudan 

 in two volumes; Bennet Burleigh followed his 

 Sirdar and Khalifa of the year previous with 

 The Khartoum Campaign, 1898; and again we 

 had The Sudan Campaign, 1896-1899, from the 

 pen of "an officer." W. Basil Worsfold dwelt 

 at length on The Redemption of Egypt, and from 

 George Birbeck Hill came Gordon in Central 

 Africa, 1874-1879. An historical epitome of The 

 Moorish Empire, by Budgett Meakin, contained 

 115 fine illustrations, in addition to maps and 

 charts, and a third edition of The Caliphate, by 

 Sir William Muir, was sent out. A History of 

 the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races was 

 written by Sir Harry H. Johnston; Fifty Years 

 of the History of the Republic in South Africa, 

 1795-1845, by J. C. Voigt, M.D., filled two vol- 

 umes; and The Story of the Great Boer Trek 

 and the Origin of the South African Republics, 

 by the late Hon. Henry Cloete, High Commis- 

 sioner for Natal, was edited by his grandson, W. 

 Broderick Cloete. H. Rider Haggard wrote A His- 

 tory of the Transvaal; in The Transvaal from 

 Within J. P. Fitzpatrick, author of The Outspan, 

 published what he termed a private record of 

 public affairs; The Transvaal Trouble, by John 

 Martineau, extracted from the Life of Sir Bartle 

 Frere, went through a new and cheaper edition; 

 and Richard Proctor in Boers and Little Eng- 

 landers told the story of the conventions of 1881 

 and 1884. The Story of the Australian Bush- 

 rangers was written by G. E. Boxall, and A 

 Sketch of the New Zealand War by Morgan S. 

 Grace. Returning to earlier times, we have A 

 History of Egypt under the Ptolemaic Dynasty, 

 by J. P. Mahaffy, and A History of Egypt under 

 Roman Rule, by J. G. Milne, forming respectively 

 Vols. Ill and IV of A History of Egypt from the 

 Earliest Times to the Present Day, edited by W. 

 M. Flinders Petrie, and in Egyptian Chronology 

 Rev. Frederick Gard Fleay made an attempt to 

 conciliate the ancient schemes and to educe a 

 rational system. T. M. Taylor wrote A Con- 

 stitutional and Political History of Rome, from 

 the Earliest Times to the Reign of Domitian, 

 and C. W. C. Oman an Elementary History of 

 Greece. Two volumes were given by Herbert 

 Fisher to The Mediaeval Empire; Vols. VII and 



