444 



LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1899. 



The Soluble Ferments and Fermentations, by J. 

 Reynolds Green, belonged to the Cambridge Natu- 

 ral Science Manuals, Biological Series. Earth 

 Sculpture ; or, The Origin of Land Forms, was the 

 theme of James Geikie, and from Thomas G. 

 Bonney we had a volume on Volcanoes, their 

 Structure and Significance, in the Science Series. 

 William Carmichael Mclntosh, M. D., made a 

 study of The Resources of the Sea. Arthur Berry 

 wrote A Short History of Astronomy, and W. 

 H. S. Monck An Introduction to Stellar Astron- 

 omy. Curiosities of Light and Shade were col- 

 lected by Shelford Bidwell, Marion I. Newbigm 

 wrote on Colour in Nature, and A Treatise on 

 Crystallography came from W. J. Lewis. A His- 

 tory of Wireless Telegraphy, 1838-1899, was writ- 

 ten by J. J. Fahie. Early Chapters in Science, by 

 Mrs. W. Awdry, were edited by W. F. Barrett, 

 and Mrs. Brightwen published Rambles with Na- 

 ture Students. Wonders of the Bird World were 

 revealed by R. Bowdler Sharpe; Vol. IX of The 

 Cambridge Natural History, edited by S. F. 

 Harmer, was devoted to Birds; and Vol. VI was 

 also issued, being Part II of Insects, by David 

 Sharp, and including Bees, Wasps, Ants, Beetles, 

 Butterflies, and Moths. Richard Kearton wrote 

 on Our Rarer British Breeding Birds, their nests, 

 eggs, and summer haunts, accompanying the 

 work with 70 illustrations taken direct from Na- 

 ture; A Book of Birds, by Carton Moore Park, 

 covered 26 varieties; and W. T. Greene, M. D., 

 drew up a handbook of British Birds for Cages. 

 True Tales of the Insects, by L. N. Badenoch, 

 were illustrated by Margaret J. D. Badenoch, 

 and Insects had their structure and life explained 

 by George H. Carpenter. The Tailless Batra- 

 chians of Europe were the subject of a volume by 

 G. A. Boulenger. Fauna Hawaiiensis; or, The 

 Zoology of the Sandwich Islands, destined to con- 

 tain results of the explorations instituted by the 

 Royal Society of London, was begun with the 

 issue of Volume I. In the Cambridge Geograph- 

 ical Series we had Man Past and Present, by A. 

 H. Keane, and John Deniker reviewed The Races 

 of Man. Eaglehawk and Crow, by John Mathew, 

 attempted to solve the problem, Who are the 

 Australians? and the manner of life and archaic 

 rites of The Natives of Central Australia were 

 investigated by Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen. 

 The inaugural Address to the British Associa- 

 tion for the Advancement of Science, by the 

 president, Sir Michael Foster, delivered at Dover, 

 reviewed the progress of science during the cen- 

 tury in a reverend, almost episcopal manner. 



The United States of Europe on the Eve of the 

 Parliament of Peace, by William T. Stead, sound- 

 ed almost ironical in the face of subsequent 

 events, which decided the question, Can we Dis- 

 arm? propounded by Joseph McCabe and Georges 

 Darien. The South African Question was vigor- 

 ously reviewed by Olive Schreiner (Ralph Iron), 

 who claimed to be an English South African, and 

 opposed strenuously its settlement by war; Spen- 

 ser Wilkinson also outlined British Policy in 

 South Africa; and South African questions were 

 discussed in Collectanea: Essays, Addresses, and 

 Reviews, by Perceval M. Laurence. First Prin- 

 ciples in Politics were set forth by William Sam- 

 uel Lilly, and English Political Philosophy from 

 Hobbes to Maine was passed in review by Wil- 

 liam Graham. C. B. Roylance Kent presented an 

 historical sketch of The English Radicals, and 

 Sir Richard Temple devoted his attention to The 

 House of Commons. Sir Charles Dilke published 

 a handbook of The British Empire, and The Brit- 

 ish Empire and Alliances were the theme of The- 

 ophilus Scholes, while Theodore Morison was 



heard from on Imperial Rule in India. Lord 

 Charles Beresford prophesied The Break-up of 

 China, giving an account of the present commerce, 

 currency, water ways, armies, railways, politics, 

 and future prospects of that unhappy country. 

 The Modern Jew claimed the attention of Arnold 

 White. Vol. I of The Anglo-Saxon Review, edited 

 by Lady Randolph Spencer Churchill, was re- 

 markable for its sumptuous make-up and bind- 

 ing. Local Government and State Aid was added 

 to the Social Science Series by Sydney J. Chap- 

 man; Higher Life of Working People had its 

 hindrances discussed by W. Walker Stephens; 

 The Economic Writings of Sir William Petty were 

 edited in two volumes by C. H. Hull; William 

 Smart discussed The Distribution of Income; The 

 Theory of the Leisure Class was an economic 

 study by Thorstein Veblen in the evolution of 

 iristitutions ; Allen Clarke touched upon The Ef- 

 fects of the Factory System; and Prince Kropot- 

 kin in Fields, Factories, and Workshops consid- 

 ered the two sister arts, industry and agriculture. 

 The Revival of English Agriculture was predicted 

 by P. Anderson Graham. Questions for W T omen 

 and Men, propounded by Honnor Morten, had an 

 introduction by Mrs. Henry Fawcett. Our Foes 

 at Home, by Hugh H. Lusk, a former member 

 of the Parliament of New Zealand, discussed 

 American problems. 



Among the most striking books on religious 

 subjects are to be mentioned Naturalism and 

 Agnosticism, the Gifford Lectures delivered by 

 Prof. James Ward during 1896-'98, in two vol- 

 umes; Vol. II of Elements of the Science of Re- 

 ligion (Ontological), the same lectures for 1896, 

 by C. P. Tiele; the Bampton Lectures for 1899, 

 by W. Ralph Inge, on Christian Mysticism; R. 

 H. Button's Aspects of Religious and Scientific 

 Thought; The Great Law, a study of religious 

 origins and of the unity underlying them, by 

 William Williamson; Lectures and Essays on 

 Natural Theology and Ethics, by William Wal- 

 lace, edited, with a biographical introduction, by 

 Edward Caird; Texts Explained, by Dean Fred- 

 erick W. Farrar; Sermons: Biographical and Mis- 

 cellaneous, of Benjamin Jowett, edited by W. H. 

 Fremantle; The Eve of the Reformation, studies 

 in the religious life and thought of the English 

 people in the period preceding the rejection of the 

 Roman jurisdiction by Henry VIII, by Francis 

 Aidan Gasquet, D. D. ; Vol. II of The Archpriest 

 Controversy, documents relating to the dissen- 

 sions of the Roman Catholic clergy, 1597-1602, 

 edited by T. G. Law for the Royal Historical So- 

 ciety ; Undercurrents of Church Life in the Eight- 

 eenth Century, by Canon Thomas Thelusson Car- 

 ter, who published also The Spirit of Watchful- 

 ness, and Other Sermons; Neglected Factors in 

 the Study of the Early Progress of Christianity, 

 by James Orr, D. D.; and A Critical History of 

 the Doctrine of a Future Life in Israel, in Juda- 

 ism, and in Christianity, etc., the Jowett Lec- 

 tures for 1898-'99, by Rev. B. H. Charles. The 

 Moral Order of the World in Ancient and Modern. 

 Thought was the theme of the Gifford -Lectures 

 for 1897-'98, by Dr. Alexander Balmain Bruce, 

 who also supplied an exegetical study of The 

 Epistle to the Hebrews; Dr. James Stalker sup- 

 plied The Christology of Jesus ; Church and Faith 

 was the title of essays on the teaching of the 

 Church of England, by numerous authorities; 

 Canon Charles Gore followed his practical ex- 

 position of St. Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians 

 with St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, Vol. I 

 covering chaps, i-viii; Dr. Francis Paget contrib- 

 uted an Introduction to the Fifth Book of Hook,- 

 er's Treatise on the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity; 



