LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1899. 



447 



mont's ProgrSs de la Defense des tats et de la 

 Fortification permanente depuis Vauban. In eco- 

 nomics and sociology we have Recherches sur 

 1'Histoire de 1'Economie politique, by Ernest Nys 

 (1898); L'Evolution de la Neutralite en Droit 

 International, by Chevalier Descamps; Science 

 penale et Droit positif, by A. Prins; Synth&se so- 

 ciologique, by R. Simons ; La Vie sociale moderne, 

 by M. Heins; Parasitisme organique et Para- 

 sitisme social, by J. Massart and E. Vander 

 Velde; G. Legrand's Le Regime successoral; G. 

 Cornil's L'Assurance municipale centre le Cho- 

 mage involuntaire ; W. J. Kerby's Le Socialisme 

 aux Etats-Unis; and a masterly study on the 

 Socialist party of Ghent and the Vooruit, by L. 

 Varlez. Religious and philosophical works are 

 A. de Potter's La Justice et la Sanction religieuse ; 

 Le Catholicisme americain, by the Jesuit A. D. 

 Delattre; and Mgr. Mercier's Les Origines de la 

 Psychologic contemporaine. Maurice Maeter- 

 linck, in La Sagesse et la Destinee ("patient, 

 resigned philosophy"), renounces his former 

 views of the world and art, and becomes an en- 

 thusiastic prophet of realism. Fierens-Gevaert's 

 curious La Tristesse contemporaine is a study of 

 moral and intellectual influences in the literature 

 of our day and of the " causes of the melancholy 

 views of life taken by the present generation." J. 

 Garson's Les Createurs de la Legende Napo- 

 leonienne (Barthelemy et M6ry) deals with an- 

 other interesting literary question. Escal-Vigor 

 is a new novel by Georges Eekhoud (style quite 

 Flemish), and Le Miroir du Ciel Natal and L'Ar- 

 bre are posthumous works by Georges Roden- 

 bach. Further prose includes Tonnelles, by M. 

 Des Ombiaux, C. Lemonnier's Adam et Eve and 

 Une Femme, and Pol Demade's Contes inquiets. 

 New verse of note is found in V. Gille's Le Collier 

 d'Opales and Les Vignes de ma Muraille and E. 

 Verhaeren's Les Visages de la Vie. 



While French literature in Belgium is the 

 "richest and most varied," the Flemish is also 

 a " living force." The study of national history 

 has been earnestly cultivated by writers such 

 as E. Vlietinck (history of Ostend and its siege, 

 1601-1604), J. Opdebrinck (a "declamatory, but 

 useful " work on the Protestants of the sixteenth 

 century at Poperinghe), J. F. Pallemaerts and 

 Aug. Rees (history of the Boerenkrijg of 1798, 

 the revolt of the peasants against France), and 

 M. De Decker (careful monograph on J. F. Van 

 de Velde, 1743-1823). Pol Anri's interesting 

 Schemas en Wenschen deals with the pedagogy 

 of Herbart. F. Van Duyse has issued a delight- 

 ful collection of old religious songs in Dit is een 

 suyverlijck Boecxken, and K. Heynderickx has 

 written a Studenten-Liederboek for the students 

 of the Catholic University of Louvain. J. Ver- 

 coullie (" head of the young school of philology ") 

 has remodeled his noted Etymologisch Woorden- 

 boek der nederlandsche Taal. The late Willem 

 Rogghe's Gedenkbladen tells the " curious history 

 of the Flemish movement at Ghent." Pol de 

 Mont offers an Inleiding tot de Poezie. H. Meert 

 and W. de Vreese have each written on the 

 Gallicisms of contemporary French writers. A. 

 Vermeylen's doctor's dissertation on Jonker Jan 

 Vander Noot, a Brabantine poet of the sixteenth 

 century, is a fresh though elaborate study, and 

 especially noteworthy. A. de Cock and Pol de 

 Mont have edited Vol. IV of their collection of 

 Flemish folk tales. Fiction to be mentioned is 

 the posthumous work of Mme. Cogen, daughter 

 of the poet Ledeganck ; Licht en Bruin, two novels 

 by G. Seggers; the realistic Lenteleven, by the 

 talented S. Streuvels; Uit Vlaanderen, by C. 

 Buysse; historical novels by Noterdaeme and 



others; and books by P. Danco, G. Lefevre, J. Le- 

 roy, and other newcomers. In poetry are noted 

 the veteran Karel Bogaerd's Wilde Rozen; Mijn 

 Herte weet, by H. de Mare/; Miss Hilda Rain's 

 Wat zei, wat zong dat KwezelkenV; Helene Lapi- 

 doth-Swarth's Stille Dalen (marks a change; con- 

 templates the past instead of yielding to new 

 sensations; "exquisite diction . . . unaltered"); 

 and the queer plaints of K. Waeri, of Ghent, de- 

 scribed as a singer of the streets. In the drama 

 Flemish authors do not appear to succeed as 

 well as in the novel and in poetry. We are told 

 that, "although . . . Antwerp and Brussels have 

 opened sumptuous Flemish theaters, . . . the 

 Flemish stage is more abundantly than brilliant- 

 ly supplied." 



The German movement along the frontier of 

 the Rhine provinces and Luxembourg continues. 

 It is headed by G. Kurth, who edits its organ, 

 Deutsch Belgien ; and a review, half Flemish, half 

 German (Germania), has been started in Brussels. 

 Ph. Bourg. a German Belgian, has published Pabst 

 und Fiirst, a five-act play. 



Bohemia. Among new publications are noted 

 A. Srb's Political History of the Bohemian Na- 

 tion, 1861-'95 (1897-'99); J. Svatek's History of 

 the Bohemian Nation, 1705-1780; Monument in 

 Celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the 

 Reign of the Emperor and King Francis Joseph: 

 Scientific and Artistic Development of the Bohe- 

 mian Nation, 1848-'98; A. Braf's Letters on the 

 Study of National Economy; and two German 

 works, J. Lippert's Social-Geschichte Bohmens in 

 vorhussitischer Zeit (Vol. II, 1898) and Forsch- 

 ungen zur Kunstgeschichte Bohmens: Veroffent- 

 licht von der Gesellschaft zur Forderung deutscher 

 Wissenschaft, Kunst und Litteratur in Bohmen 

 (Vol. III). 



Denmark. National history of special note 

 includes Major-Gen. Holten's posthumous mem- 

 oirs, scrupulously sincere (created a sensation, 

 especially by the unfavorable account of Fred- 

 erick VII) ; Kr. Erslev's Valdemarernes Stor- 

 hedstid. Studier og Omrids ; and H. C. Bering-Liis- 

 berg's topographical investigations in Copen- 

 hagen, particularly the Gamle Torv. Regesta di- 

 plomatica historiae danicae cura Societatis Scien- 

 tiarum Danicae, Series II, Tomus posterior IV, 

 has been issued. Georg Brandes, in Danskheden 

 i Sonderjylland, condemns the German adminis- 

 tration in Sleswick, and writes unfavorably of 

 German as compared with Danish culture. P. 

 Scavenius offers Indiske Dage. Fra Bombay til 

 Madras samt Rejser i det sydlige Dekan. Some 

 noteworthy monographs on individuals have ap- 

 peared: P. A. Rosenberg's Soren Kierkegaard, 

 hans Liv,hans Personlighed og hans Forfatterskab 

 (1898); Julius Lange. Breve fra hans Ungdom 

 med en Inledning og en Ramme (1898), a warm 

 tribute by G. Brandes; Vilh. Andersen's Adam 

 Oehlenschlager, et Livs Poesie. Ungdom, a study 

 of the poet's literary evolution in youth ; Holberg 

 og hans Scene (1898), by E. Brandes, who has 

 published also Det unge Blod and Smaa Skuespil 

 (1898); Chr. Bruun's Peter Frederik Suhm, 18 

 Oktober, 1728-7 September, 1798: En Levneds- 

 beskrivelse (1898), a eulogistic character picture 

 by a not remarkable historian ; and E. Hannover's 

 Maleren C. . W. Eckersberg. En Studie i dansk 

 Kunsthistorie (1898). 



The realistic novel of psychological or physio- 

 logical aspect, scientifically objective, has been 

 in vogue in recent years ; critics like A. Ipsen now 

 tell us of a reaction, after a " general perfection 

 of style and expression has been reached." New 

 titles in fiction are H. Bang's Det hvide Hus (nerv- 

 ous, fervent style) and Liv og Db'd; K. Larsen's 



