448 



LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL, IN 1899. 



continuation of his Danske Maend (humorous de- 

 scription of a jail bird; characterization toned 

 down; dialect excellent); P. Nansen's Troskabs- 

 proven: Smaahistorier (second edition) ; S. Schan- 

 dorph's Fortffillinger (1898); A. Ipsen's Turisten 

 og andre Fortaellinger (1898): works such as 

 Mathilda Mailing's Dona Ysabel (a story of the 

 Napoleonic wars in Spain) and M. Henckel s Lo- 

 lotte. En Roman fra den gustavianske Periode 



and Frederick V in pictures of the Danish court 

 of that time): H. HOff ding's Mindre Arbejder; 

 and H. Pontoppidan's Lykke-Per hans Kserlighed. 

 There is much poetry of merit: V. Rordam's 

 clever retelling of the tale of Beowulf; S. Michse- 

 lis's Sirener and translations from Baudelaire's 

 Fleurs de Mai : J. Jorgensen's serene and perfect 

 Digte: Aage Matthison-Hansen's Venusspeilet og 

 andre Digte: S. Schandorph's Lyriske Portrsetter 

 (1898): Erik Waage's Bachelor; and new work 

 by 8. Clausen (a poet "of Arcadia"), 0. Hansen 

 (imitates old folk songs), etc. 



Finland. See Sweden. 



France. Again have the French assiduously 

 studied those interesting periods of their coun- 

 try's history, the Revolution and the empire, as 

 witness Ph.* Sagnac's La Legislation civile de la 

 Revolution Frangaise (emphasizes the "relation 

 between social phenomena and legal changes"); 

 Andre Lichtenberger's Le Socialisme et la Revo- 

 lution Frangaise (finds the Revolution an epoch 

 in the development of socialism; "practically an 

 unworked field ") ; Les Colonies pendant la Rvo- 

 lution, la Constituante et la R6forme Coloniale, 

 by Leon Deschamps (continuation of his Histoire 

 de la Question Coloniale en France, 1891); P. 

 Cottin's Toulon et les Anglais en 1793 (1898); 

 H. Zivy's Le treize Vendemiaire an IV (1898); 

 E. Noel's Brumaire, Scenes historiques (" dra- 

 matic presentation of Bonaparte's seizure of the 

 supreme power"); E. Gachot's noteworthy La 

 deuxieme Campagne d'ltalie, 1800; F. Masson's 

 Josephine de Beauharnais, 1763-96 (1898; her life 

 before her marriage to Napoleon ; " profound 

 knowledge of smallest details") and Josephine 

 Imperatrice et Reine (1898), giving minute de- 

 tails concerning her improvements and additions 

 to Malmaison; Memoires of Gen. Desvernois, 

 edited by A. Dufourcq (1898); C. Scheffer's ex- 

 cellent Bernadotte Roi; Murat's correspondence 

 (preface by H. Houssaye) ; and Henry Houssaye's 

 1815 Waterloo (forms the third and last vol- 

 ume of his history of the fall of the First Em- 

 pire, based on original documents, including Eng- 

 lish material; infinite details concerning the army; 

 clear style). Other periods and phases of French 

 history are dealt with in R. Parisot's prolix Le 

 Royaume de Lorraine sous les Carolingiens, 843- 

 323; C. Schmidt's Les Seigneurs, les Paysans 

 et la Propri6t6 rurale en Alsace en Moyen-Age 

 (1898; important account of economic condi- 

 tions) ; A. Lefranc's Les Idees religieuses de Mar- 

 guerite de Navarre; La Campagne de Minorque, 

 by Raoul de Cisternes (much new material on 

 the Marshal De Richelieu, eighteenth century) ; 

 G. Lacour-Gayet's original researches into L'Edu- 

 cation politique de Louis XIV (1898; "abounds 

 in skillful analyses and appreciations of contem- 

 porary authorship"); Du Cause de Nazelle's 

 Memoires du Temps de Louis XIV, with in- 

 troduction and notes by E. Daudet (a valuable 

 addition to memoir literature; throws strong light 

 on the practically forgotten conspiracy of Vanden 

 Enden, Latreaumont, and De Rohan) ; Correspon- 

 dance du general de Martange, brought out by C. 



Breard (deals chiefly with European politics be- 

 tween 1761 and 1779) ; Pierre de Segur's La Derni- 

 ere des Conde (dealing with the Princess Louise 

 Adelaide de Conde and Mme. De Monaco; many 

 unpublished letters of the prince) ; P. de Nolhac's 

 animated, succinct La Reine Marie Antoinette; 

 E. Daudet's interesting Louis XVIII et le Due 

 Decazes (based on inedited documents) ; Marquis 

 Philippe de Massa's Souvenirs et Impressions, 

 1840-71; S. Blot's Napoleon III; and the memoirs 

 of Mme. de la Ferronays (" making a great sensa- 

 tion"). It is asserted that the "document" is 

 to-day of paramount importance; facts and not 

 the philosophy of history are asked for. The 

 stream of Dreyfus literature includes Gonse- 

 Pilate and Le petit Bleu (valuable additions), and 

 Karl et Quesney de Beaurepaire. Le Malaise de 

 la ^Democratie, by Gaston Deschamps, is a 

 thoughtful work on contemporary France and its 

 afflictions; and Arnold's A quoi tient la Sup6- 

 riorite des Frangais sur les Anglo-Saxons, an 

 answer to Demolins. Emile Faguet discusses 

 Questions politiques, and Leon Poinsard reviews 

 the political, financial, and social situation in 

 Vers la Ruine. Noteworthy works on the his- 

 tory and description of other lands are R. Wad- 

 dington's important La Guerre de sept Ans: His- 

 toire diplomatique et militaire. Les Debuts; 

 Diderot et Catherine II, by M. Tourneux (much 

 unpublished material regarding Diderot's sojourn 

 in Russia) ; Pierre Boye's Stanislas Leszczyriski 

 et le troisiSme Traite de Vienne d'apr&s les Ar- 

 chives d'etat, les Papiers du Roi de Pologne et 

 autres Documents inedits. [Un Roi de Pologne 

 et la Couronne ducale de Lorraine] (1898; a 

 thorough study ; a " noteworthy fruit of present 

 historical studies in France"); Horn's learned 

 Saint Etienne, Roi de Hongrie; Charles Andler's 

 Le Prince de Bismarck (fairly temperate; mas- 

 terly style) ; books by E. Lardy, P. Mille, and 

 H. Turot on La Guerre Gr6co-Turque ; Y. Guyot's 

 L'Evolution politique et Sociale de 1'Espagne; 

 C. Bride's La Guerre hispano-amgricaine de 1898; 

 Th. Bentzon's interesting impressions of Nouvelle 

 France et Nouvelle Angleterre; the exhaustive La 

 Vie ame'ricaine: Ranches, Fermes et Usines, by 

 Paul de Rousiers; L. Boillot's Aux Mines d'Or 

 du Klondike: Du Lac Bennett a Dawson City 

 (various other books on America, including sev- 

 eral novels) ; Le Soulevement des Travailleurs 

 d' Angleterre en 1381 (peasants' revolt), by the 

 late Andre" R6ville; Homelle's Hommes et Choses 

 d'Outremer (includes eulogies on Gladstone and 

 Cecil Rhodes) ; R. de Caix's valuable Fashoda: La 

 France et 1' Angleterre (a careful statement; much 

 light thrown on hitherto shadowy points) ; E. Au- 

 bin's Les Anglais auxlndes et enEgypte (describes 

 success in colonization and invites France to imi- 

 tate English methods) ; A. Bordeaux's Rhode" sie 

 et Transvaal: Impressions de Voyage (1898); P. 

 Mille's Au Congo beige; M. E. Bard's Les Chinois 

 chez Eux ; and M. Monnier's Tour d'Asie. Among 

 the many additions to the broad divisions " so- 

 ciology " and " economics " are L'Education nou- 

 velle, by E. Demolins (interesting; corrfmends 

 school system of England and the United States) ; 

 Nos Fils, que feront-ils? Nos Filles, qu'en ferons- 

 nous? by Hugues le Roux, who, like Demolins, 

 eloquently urges the advantage of energy, activ- 

 ity, initiative ; A. Fouillee's Les Etudes classiques 

 et la Democratic (advocates dropping of Greek 

 in secondary schools; favors liberal education); 

 Gustave Le Bon's Psychologic du Socialisme 

 (antisocialistic; considers men not equal; regards 

 socialism as a religion) ; an eloquent and earnest 

 exposition of the Action socialiste, by J. JaurSs; 

 A. Lichtenberger's Le Socialisme utopique : Etudes 



