NETHERLANDS. 



" (d) To declare that no quarter will be given. 



" (e) To employ arms, projectiles, or other 

 objects of a nature to inflict unnecessary injury. 



" (f) To make improper use of flags of truce, 

 of the national flag or the ensigns or uniform of 

 the enemy, or of the distinctive badges of the 

 Geneva convention. 



" (g) To destroy or seize hostile property except 

 where such destruction or seizure is imperatively 

 enjoined by the necessities of war. 



" ART. XXIV. Ruses of war and the employ- 

 ment of the means necessary to secure informa- 

 tion about the enemy and about the conforma- 

 tion of the country are considered permissible. 



" ART. XXV. It is forbidden to attack or bom- 

 bard undefended towns, villages, dwellings, or 

 buildings. 



" ART. XXVI. The commander of an attacking 

 force before commencing bombardment, except 

 in the case of an attack by storm, must do all 

 he can to warn the authorities. 



" ART. XXVII. In sieges and bombardments 

 all the necessary measures ought to be taken for 

 sparing as much as possible buildings devoted to 

 worship, the arts, the sciences and benevolence, 

 hospitals and places for assembling the sick and 

 wounded, on condition that they be -not employed 

 at the same time for a military purpose. It is 

 the duty of the besieged to distinguish these 

 buildings or places of assembly by special visible 

 signs, which shall be notified* beforehand to the 

 besieging party. 



" ART. XXVIII. It is forbidden to give up to 

 pillage even a town or locality taken by assault. 



" CHAPTER II. OF SPIES. 



" ART. XXIX. Only the individual who, acting 

 clandestinely or under false pretenses, gathers or 

 seeks to gather information in the zone of opera- 

 tions of a belligerent, with the intention of com- 

 municating it to the opposing side, can be con- 

 sidered a spy. 



" Thus soldiers not disguised who have gone 

 within the zone of operations of the enemy's army 

 in order to gather information are not to be 

 considered spies. Similarly, the following are not 

 to be considered spies: Soldiers and civilians who 

 have been intrusted with the duty of taking 

 dispatches, whether intended for their own army 

 or for the army of the enemy, and are fulfilling 

 their mission openly. To this category belong 

 equally persons sent in a balloon to take dis- 

 patches, and, in general, to maintain communi- 

 cations between the different parts of an army 

 or a territory. 



"ART. XXX. It shall not be possible to pun- 

 ish untried a spy taken in the act. 



" ART. XXXI. A spy who having rejoined the 

 army to which he belongs is captured later by 

 the enemy is to be treated like a prisoner of war, 

 and incurs no responsibility for his previous acts 

 of espionage. 



"CHAPTER III. OF BEARERS OF FLAGS OF 

 TRUCE. 



" ART. XXXII. The individual is considered 

 the bearer of a flag of truce who is authorized by 

 one of the belligerents to enter into negotiations 

 with the other, and who presents himself with 

 the white flag. He has the right of inviolabil- 

 ity, just as have the trumpeter, bugler, or drum- 

 mer, the flag bearer, and the interpreter who 

 accompany him. 



" ART. XXXIII. The commander to whom the 

 bearer of a flag of truce is dispatched is not 

 obliged to receive him in all circumstances. 



" He can take all the measures necessary to 

 hinder the bearer of a flag of truce from profiting 

 by his mission to gain in formation. 



"He has the right, in case of abuse of privi- 

 leges, to detain the bearer of a, flag of truce tem- 

 porarily. 



"ART. XXXIV. The bearer of a flag of truce 

 loses his rights of inviolability if it, is proved, 

 in a positive and undeniable manner, that he han 

 profited by his privileged position to provoke or 

 to commit an act of treason. 



"CHAPTER IV. OF CAPITULATIONS. 



" ART. XXXV. Capitulations agreed upon be- 

 tween the contracting parties ought to take into 

 account the rules of military honor. 



" Once settled, they ought to be scrupulously 

 observed by the two parties. 



" CHAPTER V. OF THE ARMISTICE. 



"ART. XXXVI. An armistice suspends the 

 operations of war by a mutual agreement of the 

 belligerent parties. If its duration has not been 

 fixed, the belligerent parties can resume opera- 

 tions at any time, provided always that the 

 enemy be warned within a time agreed upon, in 

 conformity with the conditions of the armistice. 



" ART. XXXVII. An armistice may be general 

 or local the former suspends everywhere the op- 

 erations of war of the belligerent states; the lat- 

 ter only between certain divisions of the bellig- 

 erent armies and within a defined radius. 



" ART. XXXVIII. The armistice must be noti- 

 fied oflicially, and within time to be of use. to the 

 competent authorities and the troops. The hos- 

 tilities are suspended immediately after the noti- 

 fication or at a fixed period. 



"ART. XXXIX. It depends on the contracting 

 parties to settle, in the clauses of the armistice, 

 the relations which should obtain on the theater 

 of war with the populations and between them- 

 selves. 



" ART. XL. Every serious violation of the 

 armistice by one of the parties gives to the other 

 the right of denouncing it, and even, in an urgent 

 case, of resuming hostilities immediately. 



"ART. XLI. The violation of the clauses of 

 the armistice by individuals acting on their own 

 initiative gives only a right to demand the pun- 

 ishment of the guilty persons, and an indemnity 

 for proved losses if there have been any. 



"SECTION III. OF MILITARY AUTHORITY ON 

 THE TERRITORY OF THE HOSTILE STATE. 



"ART. XLII. A territory is considered occu- 

 pied when it is placed actually under the author- 

 ity of the enemy's army. 



*" The occupation only extends to those terri- 

 tories where that authority is established and in 

 a position to be exercised. 



"ART. XLIIL The authority of legal power 

 having actually passed into the hands of the oc- 

 cupying state, that state shall take all the meas- 

 ures which depend on it in order to re-establish 

 and to assure as much as possible public life 

 and order, while respecting, unless it is abso- 

 lutely prevented from doing so, the laws in force 

 in the country. 



"ART. XLIV. It is forbidden to force the 

 population of an occupied territory to take part 

 in military operations against their own country. 



"ART. XLV. It is forbidden to compel the 

 population of an occupied territory to take an 

 oath of allegiance to the hostile power. 



" ART. XLVI. The honor and the rights of the 

 family, the life of individuals, and private prop- 



