NEVADA. 



of 1897 was 1,112 miles. The receipts in 1890 

 Mere 14,048,230 guilders. The telegraphs in East 

 India had a total length of 0,099 miles. The num- 

 ber of dispatches in 1890 was 038,388. Telephone 

 lines connected Batavia, the capital, with Sama- 

 rang and Soerabaya, the other large cities. 



The most determined and formidable of the 

 rebel chiefs in Acheen, and almost the last to 

 hold out, Tokoe Oemar, was fatally wounded 

 in a skirmish on Feb. 10, 1899, at Malabuh, on 

 the west coast. He and his party were surprised 

 by an ambuscade prepared by a lieutenant with 

 a detachment of Dutch troops. The Acheenese, 

 who greatly outnumbered the soldiers, fled after 

 ' a sharp fight, losing 10 killed, while the leader of 

 the Dutch troops was wounded and 2 soldiers 

 were killed. Gen. Van Heutz, who was operat- 

 ing with a column from Tenom, after this re- 

 ceived the submission of many of the chiefs. 

 Tokoe Oemar's force dispersed. That crafty and 

 influential chief was once the pretended ally of 

 the Dutch, and for a long time received subsidies 

 and arms for fighting their enemies, which he 

 employed secretly to fight the Dutch themselves. 

 When found out at last he resisted with great 

 energy and ability the expeditions sent against 

 him by the Dutch Government, which resolved 

 to end once and for all the interminable Acheenese 

 war. Jonkheer van der Wyck, the Governor 

 General, followed up this policy with energy, on 

 the principle that an immediate sacrifice of men 

 and treasure in active operations would prove 

 more economical than the prolonged retention of 

 garrisons in unhealthful posts. Gen. Van Heutz 

 proved himself equal to the task of carrying on 

 a harassing guerrilla war in a difficult mountain- 

 ous country, covered with forest and jungle and 

 to a great extent unexplored, against brave and 

 skillful enemies, who were well supplied with 

 arms and ammunition by English and American 

 traders, the Dutch blockade of the extended coast 

 proving inefficient. Nearly every expedition 

 proved successful, yet Tokoe Oemar, the leading 

 spirit of the rebellion, always slipped through, 

 to reappear with another army in a remote dis- 

 trict. Except for him the resources and the 

 spirit of the rebellion that has lasted twenty 

 years were exhausted long before his death. Dis- 

 turbances almost ceased, and the Dutch garri- 

 son was reduced to its former strength. On the 

 coast Dutch influence continued to increase. 



Colonies. In America the Dutch have the 

 colonies of Curagoa (see WEST INDIES) and 

 Surinam, or Dutch Guiana. The area of Surinam 

 is 40,000 square miles. The population in 1897 

 was 04,372, exclusive of the negroes of the forests. 

 The Governor is assisted by a council of four 

 members, and for purposes of legislation by the 

 Colonial States, which is partly appointed and 

 partly elected by the people. The revenue in 1898 

 was 2,348.000 guilders, of which 2,141,000 were 

 raised in the colony and 207,000 contributed by 

 the home Government. The imports in 1897 were 

 valued at 5,035,101 guilders, and exports at 5,241,- 

 071 guilders. The number of vessels entered dur- 

 ing that year was 248, of 107,153 tons; cleared, 

 253, of 108,988 tons. 



NEVADA, a Western State, admitted to the 

 Union Oct. 31, 1804; area, 110,700 square miles. 

 The population, according to each decennial cen- 

 sus since admission, was 42,491 in 1870, 02,200 

 in 1880, and 45,701 in 1890. Capital, Carson 

 City. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers in 1899: Governor, Reinhold Sadler; 

 Lieutenant Governor, James R. Judge; Secretary 

 of State, Eugene Ho well; Treasurer, D. M. Ryan; 



Comptroller, Samuel 1'. Davis; Attorney-Genera! 

 William I). Jones; Surveyor General, Edward IX 

 Kelley; Superintendent o f Instruction, Orvis 

 Ring; Adjutant General, .1. ]{. .Judge, <;./ o/^cio 

 all of the Silver party except Superintendent 

 Ring, who is a Republican; Chief .Justice of the 

 Supreme Court, M. S. Bonnifield; Associate Jus- 

 tices, W. A. Massey, C. II. Bclknap; Clerk ex 

 ojflcio, Eugene Ho well all of the Silver party. 



Finances. The valuation placed on Nevada 

 assets by assessors in the State is about $25,- 

 000,000. The tax levy throughout the State aver- 

 ages 3.8 per cent. The State Hoard advises the 

 raising of the assessed valuation to .$75,000,000. 

 Education. The school population in 1898 

 was 8,990. The expenditures for the schools 

 amounted to $203,339.93. The apportionment of 

 State school moneys for 1899 was $119,844.88. 

 The State University, by the last report at hand, 

 had 300 students. It has an endowment of 

 $128,000. The expenses for the last biennial term 

 were $88,980.03. 



Public Lands. Applications were made in 

 1897 and 1898 for 111,451 acres of State lands. 

 The vacant public land of Nevada amounts to 

 about 01,358,000 acres, or very nearly seven 

 eighths of the total area a larger proportion 

 than in any other State, according to the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture. There are in addition near- 

 ly 0,000,000 acres reserved for settlement. Of 

 the 3,000,000 acres or less no longer in the hands 

 of the National Government by far the greater 

 part is included in a 2,000,000-acre grant to the 

 State for the support of common schools and in 

 minor grants for various other purposes. The 

 amount taken up by individuals is therefore very 

 small in proportion to the State's surface, and it 

 is scattered in small tracts along the borders 

 of streams, the only considerable areas being in 

 the western corner of the State, near Lake Tahoe. 

 The vacant public land is described in the General 

 Land Office report as arid, mountainous grazing 

 land, with little or no timber, but it appears 

 to include also the greater part of the numerous 

 small valleys between the mountain ranges. The 

 last annual report of the Surveyor General places 

 the area of unselected land remaining from the 

 2,000,000-acre grant mentioned above at 57,242 

 acres, and to this is to be added 732,884 acres 

 to which the State is still entitled, leaving an 

 area of nearly 800,000 acres still open to entry. 

 Mining. The value of the gold, silver, copper, 

 and lead produced in 1898 was given as $3,- 

 595,542; the gold alone, $2,799,785, though the 

 estimate of the director of the mint was about 

 $100,000 more. In 1899 it was $2,742,000. 



The deposits of copper are in process of rapid 

 development. 



Among other minerals found in the State and 

 attracting recent attention are manganese, found 

 in nearly every mining district in the State; sili- 

 con, found in the chalk hills northeast of Vir- 

 ginia City; gypsum, of which the Nevada de- 

 posits are of superior quality; and kaolin. 



The following in regard to the utilization of 

 the drainage of the Sutro Tunnel was published 

 in September: "The Sutro Tunnel discharges a 

 vast volume of water into Carson valley, for it 

 embraces not only the drainage of the Comstock 

 by gravitation to the tunnel's level, but also the 

 water used by two hydraulic pumps under a 

 pressure of nearly 2,000 feet and the drainage 

 9f the lower levels which these pumps lift. This 

 big stream emerges from the mouth of the tun- 

 nel at an elevation of about 150 feet above 

 the floor of Carson valley. So far, the power rep- 

 resented in the descent of so much water has gone 



