654 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (BRAND BUSCH.) 



Recreations of a Country Parson (1859); Leisure 

 Hours in Town (1861); Recreations of a Country 

 Parson, second series (1861) : Graver Thoughts 

 of a Country Parson (1862-'64-'75) ; The Com- 

 monplace Philosopher in Town and Country 

 (1862) ; People of Whom More Might Have Been 

 Made (1863); Counsel and Comfort from a City 

 Pulpit (1863); The Autumn Holidays of a Coun- 

 try Parson (1864); Critical Essays of a Country 

 Parson (1865); Sunday Afternoons at the Par- 

 ish Church of a University City (I860): Lessons 

 of Middle Age (1867): Changed Aspects of Un- 

 changed Truths (186!)): Present Day Thoughts 

 (1870); Seaside Musings (1872): A Scotch Com- 

 munion Sunday (1873): Landscapes, Churches, 

 and Moralities (1874) ; Recreations of a Country 

 Parson, third series (1878): From a Quiet Place 

 (1870) ; Our Little Life (1882) : Toward the Sun- 

 set (1882): What Set Him Right (1885); Our 

 Homely Comedy and Tragedy (1887); The Best 

 Last, and Other Papers (1888) ; Twenty-five Years 

 of St. Andrew's (1892); St. Andrew's and Else- 

 where (1894); and The Last Years of St. An- 

 drew's (1896). 



Brand, Deane, English singer, born in Liver- 

 pool in 1860: died in London, Aug. 11, 1899. He 

 was a boy on the naval training ship Conway, 

 stationed in Australia, when he attracted the 

 attention of a theatrical manager by his singing, 

 and was offered a profitable place in an operatic 

 company. He accepted the offer, and after a 

 successful tour he went to London and spent a 

 season of study at the Royal Academy of Music. 

 He was then for four years the leading tenor 

 of D'Oyly Carte's Company, making his debut 

 in Captain Corcoran in Pinafore. He then made 

 a tour in Australia with his wife, Miss Kate 

 Chard, in Les Manteaux Noirs, Boccaccio, and 

 other comic operas. In 1886 Mr. Brand and 

 his wife headed a company of their own in 

 England with the popular comic opera Rhoda 

 for a long tour. Since then they have made tours 

 in northern Europe and in South Africa. They 

 also came to the United States, and sang in New 

 York and other cities in Cinderella. 



Bree, Herbert, English prelate, born in Kes- 

 wick in January, 1828; died in Hove, Sussex, 

 March 26, 1899. He was educated at Cambridge, 

 and after serving as curate at Drinkstone and 

 Wolverstone, in Suffolk, he was rector of Hark- 

 stead, in Suffolk, 1858-'65; curate of Long Mel- 

 ford, in the same shire, 1865-70; and rector of 

 Brampton, in Huntingdonshire, for the twelve 

 years following. In May, 1882, he was conse- 

 crated Bishop of Barbadoes. 



Biichner, Ludwig, German author, born in 

 Darmstadt, March 29, 1824; died there, April 30, 

 1899. He studied under Virchow, and established 

 himself as a physician in his native town, but 

 was called to Tubingen as professor and associate 

 physician in the clinic. There he published in 

 1855 his Force and Matter, the bold materialism 

 of which made a tremendous stir. It was trans- 

 lated into all the languages of Europe, but it 

 coat him his professorship. Returning to Darm- 

 stadt, Biichner developed his ideas in other 

 works, the most important of which are Nature 

 and Science, Man according to Science, and The 

 Psychological Life of Animals. 



Bunce, John Thackray, English author, born 

 in Faringdon, April 11, 1828; died in Birming- 

 ham, June 25, 1899. Almost his entire career 

 was spent in Birmingham, where he began active 

 life as a printer's apprentice. He presently be- 

 came a reporter, and at a later period was editor 

 of Aris's Birmingham Gazette, resigning this post 

 in 1861. From 1862 to 1898 he edited the Bir- 



mingham Daily Post, and in these years exerted 

 a very appreciable influence in municipal and 

 educational enterprises as well as in the wider 

 sphere of journalism. He was the author of 

 Cloudland and Shadowland (London, 1868) ; His- 

 tory of Old St. Martin's (Birmingham, 1875) ; 

 Fairy Tales: Their Origin and Meaning (London, 

 1878); Josiah Mason: A Biography (1882); and 

 Books on Biography (London, 1886). 



Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm Eberhard, Ger- 

 man chemist, born in 1810; died in Berlin, Aug. 

 16, 1899. He was the son of a distinguished theo- 

 logian, a professor at Gottingen, at which uni- 

 versity he was graduated as doctor of philoso- 

 phy in 1831, after which he continued his studies 

 in Paris, Berlin, and Vienna, and in 1836 became 

 Professor of Chemistry in the Polytechnicum at 

 Cassel, whence he went to Marburg. In 1852 he 

 4 w r as called to the chair of Experimental Chemis- 

 try at Heidelberg, where he remained until his 

 retirement in 1889. He invented a voltaic bat- 

 tery that came into general use as a cheaper and 

 more effective instrument for generating elec- 

 tricity than the Grove battery. The Bunsen gas 

 burner, still used in houses, laboratories, and 

 factories all over the world, was elaborated in 

 its perfect form only after a long series of deli- 

 cate experiments w r hich no one before him had 

 undertaken because it was not believed that a 

 nonexplosive mixture of coal gas and air could 

 be made to burn from a simple tube burner. 

 With Lord Playfair he investigated the gases 

 generated in blast furnaces; with Sir Henry 

 Roscoe he investigated actinometry and the 

 chemical action of sunlight. He visited Ice- 

 land in 1847 to study the geysers. In con- 

 junction with Kirchhoff he discovered spec- 

 trum analysis, the master key to modern chem- 

 istry and the mysteries of the constitution of 

 matter so far as they have yet been solved, by 

 w r hich many new elements have been discovered 

 and the presence of others detected where they 

 were not suspected, by which the composition of 

 the sun and the stars has been found out and 

 their rates of motion obtained. Not less impor- 

 tant to chemical science were the methods that 

 Bunsen invented for analyzing, separating, and 

 measuring gases with mathematical accuracy. 

 His researches in physical chemistry, in the meas- 

 urement of actinic action, in the determination of 

 specific heat by a new method, in determining the 

 composition of volcanic rocks, and his numerous 

 chemical discoveries have enriched science with 

 a wealth of new knowledge. As a teacher and 

 trainer of other investigators and experimental- 

 ists and the originator of exact and thorough 

 methods of observation and manipulation he dif- 

 fused a fruitful influence. 



Busch, Moritz, German author, born in Dres- 

 den, Feb. 13, 1821 ; died in Leipsic, Nov. 16, 1899. 

 He studied theology at his father's desire, but 

 against his own inclination, and obtained his doc- 

 tor's degree in 1846; then devoted himself to lit- 

 erary work, contributing to periodicals, editing 

 a story paper, and translating the novels of Dick- 

 ens and Thackeray. He was a republican in 

 1848, and when reaction triumphed in 1851 he 

 emigrated to the United States, but became dis- 

 gusted with the plutocratic tendencies that he 

 thought he observed there, gave up his pastorate 

 in St. Louis, and returned to Germany after a 

 year, publishing his observations on American 

 political and social life in a book entitled Wan- 

 derings between the Hudson and the Mississippi. 

 He threw himself into the agitation for German 

 unity under Prussian headship, worked for this 

 cause in the Elbe duchies, and published the 



