OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (CAPRIVI CASTELAR.) 



r>55 



information derived from his tour in the Schles- 

 wig-Holstein Letters. In 1857 and subsequent 

 years he traveled through Egypt, Nubia, Syria, 

 Palestine, Asia Minor, Greece, Turkey, Roinnania, 

 and Hungary in order to gather materials for 

 guidebooks that he was commissioned to pre- 

 pare. His Pilgrimage to Jerusalem was pub- 

 lished after his return in 1859. In that year he 

 assumed the editorship of the Grenzboten. When 

 the Prussian troops entered Schloswig-Holstein in 

 1804 Dr. Busch became the literary advocate of 

 the pretensions of the Duke of Augustenberc and 

 conducted a newspaper at Kiel, but he resigned 

 his employment with its emoluments in 1805 be- 

 cause the duke would not make the necessary 

 sacrifices for German unity, and resumed the 

 editorship of the Grenzboten. He resigned his 

 editorship in 1868 and entered the employ of the 

 Government in 1870, receiving an appointment in 

 the Foreign Office in which his task was to dis- 

 seminate in the press the views of the Govern- 

 ment, under personal instructions from Count 

 Bismarck. He acquired the complete confidence 

 of the Chancellor, whom he accompanied in the 

 French campaign. Dr. Busch retained his post in 

 the Foreign Office till 1873, then resigned and 

 edited the Hannoverischer Kurier till 1878, then 

 returned to Berlin and renewed his intimacy with 

 Prince Bismarck and wrote in advocacy of his 

 views in the Grenzboten and other publications. 

 In 1890 he removed to Leipsic. He was the au- 

 thor of translations from American humorists 

 and of numerous books apart from those on 

 which his reputation rests, the vivid and candid 

 memoirs of the great Chancellor, whose faults of 

 character were as precious and admirable in his 

 eyes as those of Dr. Johnson to Boswell, and 

 whose wiles and artifices he laid bare in the spirit 

 of a truthful biographer and in the belief that 

 they were necessary means for carrying out a 

 great policy. His eulogistic memoir entitled Un- 

 ser Reichskanzler became very popular in Ger- 

 many. When he published the Diary in 1878 

 Prince Bismarck revised the proof sheets, but the 

 revelations of the secret history of the French 

 war gave rise to considerable comment. Count 

 Bismarck and his People during the War with 

 France seemed, too, a very unreverential, though 

 masterful, portrayal of the actors in that event- 

 ful period. Bismarck: Some Secret Passages from 

 his History, was printed in English after the 

 death of the Iron Chancellor, and was fiercely 

 assailed by the German press and denounced by 

 the whole Bismarckian following. 



Caprivi, Georg- Leo de Montecuculi, Graf 

 von, German statesman, born in Charlottenburg, 

 Feb. 24, 1831; died in Berlin, Feb. 6, 1899. He 

 was descended from an Italian family which had 

 been settled in Germany for several generations, 

 his father being a counselor in the superior 

 court of Berlin, his mother a daughter of the in- 

 tellectual family of Kopke. After leaving the 

 gymnasium he received, in 1850, a commission as 

 lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards. Rising rap- 

 idly, he was a captain attached to the general 

 staff in 1861, served on the staff of the first army 

 in Bohemia in 1866 with the rank of major, and 

 in 1870 was a lieutenant colonel and chief of the 

 staff of the 10th Corps. His reconnoisaance in 

 the Moselle valley enabled his corps to take part 

 in the battle of Mars-la-Tour. Later he took part 

 in the battles of the army of Prince Friedrich 

 Karl around Orleans and on the Loire. After the 

 war he rose through the various grades until 

 he became a lieutenant general in 1882 and was 

 placed in command at Metz. In 1883 he was 

 called into the Cabinet as Secretary of State for 



the Navy, and the rank of vicc-adrniral wan be- 

 stowed upon him. Although many of the higher 

 naval officers showed dissatisfaction at seeing a 

 general of infantry placed at, their head, his tem- 

 porary accession to the navy was marked by 

 great activity and progress, 'in isss, in conse- 

 quence of a difference of views between him and 

 Wilhelm II, he retired from the olliee, and was 

 assigned to the command of the I Oth Army ('orris 

 at Hanover. In the autumn he eonduc'ted tint 

 manoeuvres of his corps before tin- young Em- 

 peror, who was much impressed with his general- 

 ship and with his extensive knowledge of mili- 

 tary affairs. Hence it came about that on the fall 

 of Bismarck Caprivi was suddenly and unex- 

 pectedly elevated into the difficult post of Chan- 

 cellor of the German Empire. Although he was- 

 by nature and education a Prussian Conserva- 

 tive, under his administration the rigorous in- 

 ternal policy of Prince Bismarck was sensibly re- 

 laxed. The minor state of siege was revoked at 

 Berlin, the exceptional laws against the Socialists 

 were not renewed, proceedings for offenses 

 against the Chancellor were abandoned, the use 

 of the national language in the schools and 

 churches of Poland was restored, and even in Al- 

 sace-Lorraine the troublesome passport regula- 

 tions were suspended at the end of 1891. Count 

 Caprivi, who received his title of nobility in 1891, 

 contended against . the protectionist tariff of 

 France, and succeeded in raising a barrier against 

 French goods in Italy and Austria, as well as in 

 Germany, but by his commercial treaties he 

 estranged the powerful agricultural interests of 

 Prussia. In 1892 he carried through the Reichs- 

 tag the army bill reducing the term of service 

 to two years and increasing the army. The Chan- 

 cellor accompanied the Emperor on his travels 

 and conducted various negotiations, and held 

 conferences relative to the triple alliance. One 

 of the last acts of his administration was to 

 secure the vote of the Reichstag for the military 

 septennate in 1893. His fall was the work of the 

 reactionary parties, who found him too liberal. 

 He first resigned the Prussian minister-presi- 

 dency on account of the defeat of compulsory 

 religious education by the Prussian Diet, and on 

 Oct. 16, 1894, retired from the Chancellorship. 



Castelar, Emilio, Spanish statesman, born in 

 Cadiz in 1832; died in Murcia, May 25, 1899. His 

 father died while he was very young, and he was 

 brought up by his mother in the village of Elda, 

 in Murcia, received a little schooling at Alicante, 

 and went to the University of Madrid in 1848, 

 supporting himself by writing for the newspapers. 

 He also published a novel, and won honors in 

 his studies sufficient to gain a place on the teach- 

 ing staff. In the revolutionary disturbances of 

 1854 he exhibited his oratorical talents. He was 

 appointed Professor of History and Philosophy in 

 the university, and delivered a brilliant course 

 of lectures on the civilization of the first five 

 centuries of the Christian era. Having become a 

 republican of the school of Victor Hugo, he at- 

 tacked the Government and the monarchy for the 

 financial expedients resorted to after the dissolu- 

 tion of the Liberal union of O'Donnell, and when 

 Narvaez removed him from his professorship in 

 1865 the students started a series of riots that led 

 to the fall of the Ministry. He was compelled 

 to flee abroad after the suppression of the rising 

 of 1866, and while in exile he wrote for American 

 papers. As a champion of republicanism he was 

 received with enthusiasm in Italy, but he resided 

 most of the time in Belgium. After Prim and 

 Sagasta, landing in the south of Spain, had over- 

 thrown the Government and driven Queen Isabel 



