455(3 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (CASTELAR CHERBULIEZ.) 



into exile, Castelar returned and, as a member of 

 the constituent assembly that framed the new 

 Constitution, argued that a republic was the only 

 logical alternative to the historical monarchy. 

 Marshal Prim would have a liberal monarchy 

 under a foreign dynasty, and when the Duke of 

 Genoa refused the throne approached the Cath- 

 olic Hohenzollern prince, giving occasion for the 

 Franco-Prussian War. After the Duke of Aosta 

 had accepted and was enthroned as King Amadeo, 

 Castelar sat in the Cortes. When Don Amadeo, 

 resenting the insults and indignities to which he 

 had been subjected, abdicated in 1873, the re- 

 publican party was enabled to try its remedy tor 

 the disease iii the body politic. The federal re- 

 public, with self-governing provinces, modeled 

 after the United States, was the type preferred, 

 with no more capital punishment nor forced serv- 

 ice in the army. In pursuit of their ideal the 

 republicans had thrown away their weapons for 

 self-defense, attempting to establish an untried 

 system through the good will of its enemies and 

 tiie intelligence of the unthinking mob. The re- 

 sult was 'anarchy, and in September, 1873, the 

 Cortes placed Don Emilio Castelar at the head 

 of the Executive Government, with dictatorial 

 powers, and adjourned till January, 1874. Cas- 

 telar threw overboard his theories in order to re- 

 establish order and save Spain from destruction. 

 He re-enacted conscription in a severe form, in 

 order to satisfy the generals and restore discipline 

 in the army; he came to an agreement with the 

 Vatican, and thus checked the Carlist revolution 

 in the north; he applied capital punishment to 

 the Cantanolist anarchs who were desolating the 

 south. When the Cortes met in January a vote 

 of censure was immediately passed upon the 

 President, who had been so recreant to the prin- 

 ciples of the federal republic, and immediately 

 afterward Gen. Manuel Pavia turned the Cortes 

 into the streets. He did not take the President 

 into his confidence, because Castelar, he said, was 

 one of the few men in Spain who had no under- 

 standing of the reality of the situation; but he 

 acted with the concurrence of all the chiefs of 

 the reorganized army, who were resolved that 

 there should be no renewal of the anarchy that 

 threatened the existence of Spain during the early 

 part of 1873. Giving way to the provisional 

 government of Marshal Serrano that was set 

 up by the chiefs of the army, Castelar returned to 

 his duties as professor in the university. After 

 the restoration of the monarchy by Martinez 

 Campos, in December, 1874, he went into exile 

 once more, probably to cut himself off from the 

 violent republicans who wished to carry out 

 their idea by means of revolution. These acted 

 under Ruiz Zorilla, while Castelar, when he came 

 back, founded the party of Possibilist Repub- 

 licans, prepared to league themselves temporarily 

 with any party that would work for Liberal re- 

 forms. Castelar would not take office under the 

 monarchy nor disown his republican principles, 

 but he co-operated effectually with Sagasta in 

 his efforts for the revision of the Constitution 

 that had been drawn up in accordance with Con- 

 servative doctrines by Canovas, and when the 

 Constitution was finally modified under the Queen 

 Regent by the restoration of the right of uni- 

 versal suffrage he renounced his opposition to the 

 monarchy. Castelar's Life of Byron was trans- 

 lated into English, and some others of his writ- 

 ings, of which there is a considerable list, have 

 been rendered into foreign languages. His chief 

 title to fame is his eloquence. He was the great- 

 est orator in a nation of orators, and one of the 

 most famous of modern times. 



Cautley, Laurence (Laurence Aubrey Des- 

 borough), English actor, born in Streatham in 

 1802; died in London, Oct. 15, 1899. He was edu- 

 cated for the English bar, but joined the travel- 

 ing company of Miss Marie Litton in 1879 and 

 played with them in standard drama for a time 

 sulficient to approve his worth in heroic charac- 

 ters. When The Red Lamp was produced by Mr. 

 Beerbohm Tree in London, April 20, 1887, Mr. 

 Cautley played Prince Alexas. At a matinee 

 given at the Vaudeville, May 17 of the same 

 year, he played Correze in Moths, and confirmed 

 himself as a favorite in London. On June 28 

 following he played Saverny in Marion de Lorme. 

 He was the Charles Derwentwater in Partners, 

 produced Jan. 5, 1888, and Sir Philip Sydney in 

 Love that Kills on Feb. 9. March 7, 1888, he 

 began an engagement with Mr. Toole at the lat- 

 ter's theater as Horace Milliken in Mr. and Mrs. 

 Herman Merivale's comedy The Don. He played 

 Luke Cranbourne in Woodbarrow Farm on its 

 first production, June 18, and Mark Hargreaves 

 in Conscience, July 17. He joined the Adelphi 

 company in July of this year, and played Lieu- 

 tenant Stanley in The Union Jack, beginning 

 July 19. In 1889 he played Henri Vaudelle in 

 Esther Saudraz at Wolverhampton most success- 

 fully. With Mrs. Langtry he played Orlando in 

 As You Like It, beginning Feb. 24, and played 

 Dick Fitzroy in Old Friends, beginning June 25. 

 In the following August he went to Australia, 

 where he played Harry O'Mailley in The English 

 Rose for a season with great success. He re- 

 turned in 1893 and appeared again in London as 

 Mr. Benjamin Brewster in A Trip to Chicago, 

 Sept. 5. The following season he played Ned 

 Annesley in Sowing the Wind with a touring 

 company. His next part in London was Rupert 

 of Hentzau in The Prisoner of Zenda. His last 

 appearance was Sept. 25, 1899, as Captain Win- 

 ton in Rob Roy. 



Chaudordy, Comte Alexandra Damaze de, 

 French diplomatist, born Dec. 4, 1826; died March 

 26, 1899. He was wounded in 1848 while serv- 

 ing as a national guard in suppressing the re- 

 publican uprising. He was an attache to the 

 embassy at Rome in 1851, whence he was called 

 in 1854 to a post in the Ministry of Foreign Af- 

 fairs. He was subsequently attached to the 

 legations in London, Weimar, Copenhagen, Carls- 

 ruhe, and Madrid. In 1870 he represented the 

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Tours and Bor- 

 deaux. During the war he defended the French 

 army against Prince Bismarck's accusations, and 

 issued circulars complaining of excesses com- 

 mitted by German soldiers. He was elected to the 

 National Assembly in 1871, and in 1873 became 

 minister at Berne. In 1874 he was transferred to 

 Madrid. He represented France at the Constanti- 

 nople Conference of 1875, returned then to Mad- 

 rid, and in 1881 became ambassador at St. Peters- 

 burg, retiring in the following year. The Comte 

 de Chaudordy published several historical and 

 political works. 



Cherbuliez, Charles Victor, French author, 

 born in Geneva in 1829; died in Paris, July 1, 

 1899. He was of French Huguenot descent, was 

 well educated, knowing not only French and 

 German, but other modern languages, and went 

 to Paris to begin his literary career. His novels 

 soon acquired a high reputation, and he wrote a 

 great number, distinguished for their knowledge, 

 style, subtlety, and wit, but, in the view of some 

 critics, wanting in feeling, simplicity, and reality. 

 His first was Comte Kostia (1863). * This was fol- 

 lowed by Ladislas Bolski, Le Fiancg de Made- 

 moiselle de St. Maur, Prosper Randoce, and nu- 



